INTRODUCTION

32

CHAPTER-3

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The present thesis deals with the topic “PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ONTHE

NATURAL HISTORY OFTURTLES AND TORTOISESIN NORTHERN HARYANA”.

In this vary context, eleven Districts of Northern Haryana viz. (i) Panchkula (ii) Ambala (iii)

Yamunanagar (iv) Kurukshetra (v) Kaithal (vi) Karnal and (vii) Panipat (viii) Jind (ix) Fatehabad

(X) Hisar and (Xi) Sirsa were selected for investigations. The state of Haryana is located in the

North-Western part of India. (Fig.3.1) Its geographical position, lies between 270 37’ to 30

0 35’

latitude and 740 28’ to 77

0 36’ longitude. (Fig.3.1). Haryana was carved out of the Indian state of

Punjab on 1st November 1966. The river Yamuna flows on the Eastern boundary of the state. The

Shivalik mountain range flanks the state on its north; the state of Himachal Pradesh is also on its

northern side. On the north western side, it is flanked by the state of Punjab. At the Southern

side, the state is flanked by the Aravalli Hills and the desert of Rajasthan. On the Eastern side,

Uttar Pradesh is the neighboring state. It is pertinent to mention that National capital i.e. New

Delhi is surrounded by Haryana state by three sides (Fig.3.1).

Haryana has a proud history going back to the Vedic Age. The State was the home of the

legendary Bharata dynasty, which has given the name Bharat to India. Haryana finds mention in

the great epic of Mahabharata. Kurukshetra, the place of the epic battle between the Kauravas

and the Pandavas, is situated in Haryana. The State continued to play a leading part in the history

of India till the advent of the Muslims and the rise of Delhi as the imperial capital of India.

Thereafter, Haryana functioned as an adjunct to Delhi and practically remained anonymous till

INTRODUCTION

33

the First War of India's Independence in 1857. When the rebellion was crushed and the British

administration was re-established, the Nawabs of Jhajjar and Bahadurgarh, Raja of Ballabgarh

and Rao Tula Ram of Rewari of the Haryana region were deprived of their territories. Their

territories were either merged with the British territories or handed over to the rulers of Patiala,

Nabha and Jind. Haryana thus became a part of the Punjab province. With the reorganisation of

Punjab on 1 November 1966, Haryana was made into a full-fledged State. The altitude of

Haryana varies between 700 feet to 3600 ft above the sea level. Climate of Haryana is similar to

those other states of India lying in the Northern plain. It is very hot in summer (with temperature

going upto a peak of 480 Celsius) and cold in winters (with temperature coming down to lowest

of 00Celsius). The hottest months are May and June and the coldest being December and

January. The rainfall varies from 213mm in South-west to 1400 mm in North-East. The Annual

mean temperature varies between 22.50C – 25

0C.

The major part of Haryana terrain is characteristics of plains with some hills in Panchkula

in the North and trails of Shivalik hills in Mahendergarh, Gurgaon and Faridabad in the South. The

entire state is predominantly intense agriculture oriented with a small patch of natural forest in the

shape of Kalesar forest in Yamuna Nagar district.

3.1. STUDY SITES

It is crucial to mention that eleven Districts of Northern Haryana were selected for the

observations of Fresh water turtles in Northern Haryana viz. (i) Panchkula (ii) Ambala (iii)

Yamunanagar (iv) Kurukshetra (v) Kaithal (vi) Karnal and (vii) Panipat (viii) Jind (ix) Fatehabad

(X) Hisar and (Xi) Sirsa were selected for investigations. The topography, climate, rain fall

pattern and agriculture practices in these seven selected districts are more or less similar to those

INTRODUCTION

34

found in any part of Haryana. Yet Panchkula district is little unique in the sense that, it has got

distinct hilly terrain, in the form of Morni hills covered with rich greenery (Fig.3.4).

The typical structure, location and prevalence of a rural Village pond in Haryana can be

precisely described as follow:-

All the ponds spotted in the seven districts were juxtaposed with the outer boundary of the

village. These ponds are irregular in shape. All these ponds are rain fed. Due to scarcity of land

in any given village owing to intensive agricultural activities, cow dung cakes are littered in a

very massive way, all around the periphery of any rural ponds. All these ponds are perennial and

are therefore six to ten feet deep. It is also pertinent to mention that all these ponds were put to

multiple uses by the villagers including cattle bathing, as a swimming pool for children, washing

ghats for laundering cloths, for organization of annual festivals and MELAS etc.

Precise account about the eleven districts along with the selected villages for present studies is

given below:-

3.1.1 PANCHKULA DISTRICT

Panchkula was formed as the 17th

district of Haryana on 15th

August, 1995. It comprises

of two sub division and two Tehsils viz. Panchkula and Kalka. It has got four block viz. (1)

Barwala (2) Morni (3) Pinjore (4) Raipur Rani. The total area of the district is 898 sq. km and the

total population is 469210, out of which, 257380 are males and 211830 are females. Panchkula is

surrounded by Himachal Pradesh in the north and north-east, Ambala district in the east,

Kurukshetra district in the south and by Punjab and Union Territory of Chandigarh in the west.

Panchkula is a planned city in Panchkula District, Haryana, India. It is a satellite city of the

Union Territory of Chandigarh. The prestigious Chandimandir Cantonment Headquarters of the

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35

Indian Western Command, is also located in Panchkula city. There are five towns in the district

named Panchkula, Barwala Pinjore, Kalka and Raipur Rani. The only Hill station in Haryana

called Morni is also in this District. T

It has got 149 villages in all the four Blocks. The prominent village Ponds in each block

considered for studies are shown in table 3.1.

3.1.2 AMBALA DISTRICT

Ambala lies on the North-Eastern Edge of Haryana 27-39’’-45’ N Latitude and 74-33’’ to 76-

36’’-52’ E longitude. It is bounded by the district Yamunanagar to the South East, Kurukshetra district

in south while in its west Patiala and Ropar districts of Punjab and Chandigarh (UT) are situated.

Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh bounds the district in its North East. The height from the sea

level is 900 feet. The total Area of Ambala district 1569 sq.km. As of 2011 India census, Ambala had

a population of 11,36,784, constitute 6,40,044 of Males the population and 5,32,740 females. Ambala

has an average literacy rate of 82.9% with 88.5% of the males and 76.6% of females literate. 11% of

the population is under 6 years of age.It is famous for its big army cantonment, air force base and a

very busy railway junction It has got six blocks viz. (1) Ambala city (2) Ambala Cantt. (3) Barara (4)

Naraingarh (5) Shazadpur (6) Saha. There are a total of 714 villages in Ambala district. The

Prominent ponds in each block considered for study are shown in table 3.2.

3.1.3 YAMUNANAGAR DISTRICT

Yamunanagar was formed as a new district of Haryana on 16th

October, 1989. The River

Yamuna forms its eastern boundary with the state of Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal. The district

also bordered by Himachal Pradesh and the districts of Karnal, Kurukshetra and Ambala.The

total Area of Yamunanagar district is 1756 sq.km. Yamuna Nagar had a population of 1,214,162

INTRODUCTION

36

. Males constitute 53.27% of the population and females 46.73%. Yamuna nagar has an average

literacy rate of 78.90 %, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85.10 %, and

female literacy is 72.00 %. (As per 2011 Census). In Yamuna Nagar, 143,238 of the population

is under 6 years of age. There are 655 villages and 10 towns in this district. It has got six Blocks

(1) Sadaura (2) Radaur (3) Chhachhrauli (4) Bilaspur (5) Jagadhari (6) Mustafabad. The

prominent ponds in each block considered for study are shown in table 3.3.

3.1.4 KURUKSHETRA DISTRICT:-

Kurukshetra town is situated at a distance of 160 kilometer north of Delhi on the

national highway-NH I. The total area of Kurukshetra district is 1530 square kilometers and its

population is 8, 28,120. Kurukshetra district lies between latitude 29052’ to 30

012’ and longitude

76026’ to 77

004’ in the north-eastern part of the state. Kurukshetra is a place of great historical

and religious importance. It is revered all over the country for its sacred associations. It was here

that the battle of Mahabharata was fought and Lord Krishna preached his philosophy of Karma

as enshrined in the Bhagwad Geeta, to Arjuna at Jyotisar. In the very first verse of Bhagwad

Geeta, Kurukshetra is described as Dharamkshetra i.e. ‘Region of righteousness. There are about

360 tirthas of religious and Historic importance. There are five blocks viz. (1) Thanesar (2)

Shahbad (3) Ladwa (4) Babain (5) Pehowa in Kurukshetra district. It has got a total of 419

villages. The Prominent Ponds in each block considered for study are shown in table 3.4.

3.1.5 KAITHAL DISTRICT

The total Area of Kaithal district is 2389 sq. km. and its population is 945631. It has got 6 Blocks

viz. (1) Ghula at cheeka (2) Kaithal (3) Kalayat (4) Pundri (5) Rajound (6) Siwan. Kaithal came

to existence as district of Haryana in 1989. Kaithal district is situated in the North- West of the

INTRODUCTION

37

state. Its North-West boundaries which include Guhla- Cheeka is attached to Punjab State. It has

Kurukshetra in North and Nissing, Assandh area of Karnal district. Kaithal is attached to Jind in

South and to Karnal in East. Myths say that Kaithal was established by Lord Yudhistra during

Mahabharta era. Hanuman, the head of Lord Rama’s ‘wanar Sena’ is supposed to born in

Kaithal. The famous ‘Anjani Ka Tilla’ in the name of Hanuman’s mother is also situated in

Kaithal the historical monuments as the cultural heritage reflect its ancient prosperity. Kaithal

District possesses rich cultural and historical heritage and surrounded by seven ponds and eight

gates. Kaithal has been a famous market of Uttar Pradesh since ancient times.

Kaithal is located at 29°48′N 76°23′E29.8°N 76.38°E. It has an average elevation of 220 metres

(721 feet). This city is situated on National Highway NH 65, connecting the state capital

Chandigarh to Hissar, and has a rail connection to Kurukshetra and Narwana which further goes

to Jind (local trains only). The Prominent ponds in each blocks considered for study are shown in

table 3.5.

3.1.6 KARNAL DISTRICT

Karnal was founded by the Kauravas around the time of the Mahabharata for king Karna, so

called the “City of Danvir Karna”. It is at Highway NHI, also called GT Road. It is at a distance

of 126 kilometers from Chandigarh. The Karnal district including Panipat lies between 290

09’50” and 29050 north Latitude and 76

031’15” and 77

012’45” east longitude. Its height from

mean sea level is around 240 meters. Karnal is surrounded by Kurukshetra district on its north-

west, and Jind and Kaithal district on its west, Panipat district on its south and Uttar Pradesh on

its east. It has an area of 2538 square kilometers and its Population is 1274843. It has got 6

Blocks viz. (1) Assand (2) Karnal (3) Nilokheri (4) Indri (5) Nissang at chirao (6) Gharounda.

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The Prominent ponds in each block considered for study are shown in table 3.6. The district is a

part of the Ganges–Indus (Indo-Gangetic) plains and has a well spread network of western

Yamuna canal. Its geographical area has been divided in to three agro climatic regions, Khadar,

Bhangar and Nardak belt. Khadar starts from Indri-Karnal road one mile away from Karnal

covering the area in between Yamuna River and National Highway Road No.1 up to Patti-

Kalyana village.

3.1.7 PANIPAT DISTRICT:-

Panipat is situated on the bank of the River Yamuna. The famous three historical battles

were fought in and around this city. Today, Panipat is an industrial town, which is known for its

handloom products. The total area of Panipat district is 1754 square kilometers and its population

is 976338. This district is bordered by Karnal, Sonipat, Jind and Kaithal and the state of Uttar

Pradesh. It has got five blocks viz. (1) Panipat (2) Samalkha (3) Israna (4) Madlauda (5) Bopoli.

There are a total of 567 villages in the district. The Prominent ponds in each Block considered

for study are shown in table 3.7.

3.1.8 JIND DISTRICT

Jind is a town in Jind District in the Indian state of Haryana. It is one of the oldest districts of

Haryana. It lies in central Haryana. The city is beautiful. Rani Talab is the major tourist place

Pandu-Pindara and Ramrai are the main devotional places attracting devotees for Amavasya bath.

The district lies in the North of Haryana between 29.03’ and 29.51’ North latitude & 75.53’ and

76.47’ East longitude. On its East and North-East lie the districts of Panipat, Karnal and Kaithal

respectively. Its boundary line on the North forms the inter-state Haryana- Punjab border with

Patiala and Sangurar districts of Punjab. In the West and South-West it has a common boundary

INTRODUCTION

39

with district Hisar & Fatehabad and in its South and South-East lies the district of Rohtak and

Sonipat respectively. The Prominent ponds in each Block considered for study are shown in table

3.8.

3.1.9 DISTRICT FATEHABAD

The Fatehbad town was founded by the emperor Firoze Shah Tughlaq and named after his son

Fateh Khan in 1352 AD. The site on which the town was founded was a hunting ground. He dug

a channel from the river Ghaggar in order to supply the town with water. He also built a fort

which is now in ruins, the fortification walls can be seen on the east. of the town. He also built

three forts in the neighboring villages in the name of his three sons. The old town was

surrounded by a wall which has been dismantled to a great extent except near the fort.

The district derives its name from the headquarters town Fatehabad. The town was founded by

Firoz Shah Tughlak in the 14th century. He named it after his son Fateh Khan, as Fatehabad. The

Fatehabad district was carved out of Hisar district on 15-07-1997. District Fatehabad is located

in the south western part of Haryana. It is surrounded by Punjab in North, district Hisar in south,

district Jind in East and Rajasthan and district Sirsa in the West. The geographical area of the

district is 2520 sq.km which is 5.4 % of the state share.

Fatehabad District lies at 29° 31' N latitude and 75° 27' E Longitude and is bound by Punjab in

North, Hisar district in south, Jind district in East and Rajasthan and Sirsa district in the West.

The climate of the district is of tropical type with intensively hot summer and cool winter, with a

temperature of 47 in June and 2 C in December and January. The average rainfall of the district

is 400 mm. Fatehabad district has a population of 941,522, roughly equal to the nation of Fiji .

This gives it a ranking of 461st in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population

INTRODUCTION

40

density of 371 inhabitants per square kilometer (960 /sq mi). Its population growth rate over the

decade 2001-2011 was 16.79 %. Fatehabad has a sex ratio of 903 females for every 1000 males,

and a literacy rate of 69.1 %. The Prominent ponds in each Block considered for study are shown

in table 3.9.

3.1.10 HISAR DISTRICT

Hisar city, previously spelled Hissar, is the administrative headquarters of Hisar district, in the

state of Haryana, in northwestern India. Hisar was founded in 1354 CE, as Hissar-e-Firoza by

Firoz Shah Tughlaq, who reigned over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1351 to 1388.. The word

Hisar derives from a Arabic word meaning fortress. Firoz Shah also brought the waters of the

Yamuna river here by means of canal. Hisar is located at 29°9’11” north latitude and 75°43’6”

east longitude. It is 164 kilometers (102 mi) northwest of Delhi on the National Highway NH 10.

The present city of Hisar, one of the important cities of North India, is 164 kilometers west of

Delhi on the National Highway number ten. As of 2011 India census, Hisar had a population of

17,42,815. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Hisar has an average

literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82.79%, and

female literacy is 62.31%. In Hisar, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. main ethnic

group of hisar is of Jats. There is also a significant population of Sikhs in Hisar who during the

1947 partition came from West Punjab (Pakistan) and settled in this Area and replaced the

Muslims who went to Pakistan. The Prominent ponds in each Block considered for study are

shown in table 3.10.

3.1.11 SIRSA DISTRICT

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41

Sirsa is a city and a municipal council in Sirsa district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is a town

in the westernmost region of the state, bordering Punjab and Rajasthan. Its history dates back to

the time of Mahabharata. At one time, the Sarasvati River flowed in this area. The district lies

between 29014 and 30

0 north latitude and 74

029’ and 75

018’ east longitudes, forming the extreme

west corner of Haryana. It is bounded by the districts of Faridkot and Bathinda of Punjab in the

north and north east, Ganga Nagar district of Rajasthan in the west and south and Hisar district in

the east. Thus it touches the interstate boundaries on three sides and is connected with its own

state only in the eastern side. The terrain of Sirsa district may be broadly classified from north to

south into three major types i.e. Haryana Plain, alluvial bed of Ghaggar or Nali and Sand dune

tract. The climate of this district is characterised by its dryness and extremes of temperature and

scanty rainfall. The year may be divided into four seasons. The cold season from November to

March is followed by the Summer season which lasts up to the end of June. The period from July

to about the middle of September and from the middle of September to October constitute the

south west monsoon and post-monsoon seasons respectively. The Prominent ponds in each

Block considered for study are shown in table 3.11.

INTRODUCTION

42

OBSERVATION OF DATA

The present studies have been done in eleven Districts of Northern Haryana viz. (i) Panchkula

(ii) Ambala (iii) Yamunanagar (iv) Kurukshetra (v) Kaithal (vi) Karnal and (vii) Panipat (viii)

Jind (ix) Fatehabad (X) Hisar and (Xi) Sirsa for a period of over seven years (2005-2012).In

order to provide preliminary information, to begin with, on the basic diversity of turtles, various

rural ponds were surveyed in various Blocks and Tehsils of above said district in Haryana.

Unaware of the real ground zero situations; traditional ponds were searched for turtles during the

day time by simple sitting there, but to no avail. Thereafter, visits were made at dusk and dawn

with curious eye nearby terrestrial grounds on the vicinity of few selected ponds. However, no

turtles could be found. It was shocking incident pointing towards total elimination of turtles in

traditional ponds.

INTRODUCTION

43

Then attention was focused on such ponds which were attached to HINDU TEMPLES,

correlated with their religious significance. To every body’s great surprise, no turtles were seen

in the ponds attached to temples, either.

Now two prolonged approach was applied (i) Selected (10+2) Biology students were requested

to accompany the authors to their respective villages to survey the ponds for turtles. In the first

place, no such ponds could be traced where turtles were available. However, veiled information

did succeed in getting few turtles after a long search of 4-5 years. These turtles were

photographed at a price of Rs.500-1000 with the condition of returning the turtles after

photography.

(ii) The second part of the methodology was focusing attention on approaching FISH-

FARMERS at the time of harvesting the fish stock, atleast 3-4 occasion in a year.

This method also succeeded in getting information on last lurking time specimens of turtles in

Haryana, India. Against the back drop of situation of turtles in Haryana, the work done and

methodology by Gaur et al, (2005) be followed in Haryana for the partial, if not total,

rehabilitation of turtles in Haryana. Some similar work has been done by Gerlach (2005) on

Indian Ocean Giant tortoises.

Actually, present studies of TORTOISES were started in 2005 by visiting ponds in rural areas in

various parts of Haryana. These simple surveys failed and crashed to spot any Tortoises.

As a last ditch efforts, 10+2 Science stream students were appraised in the class rooms seeking

their direct intervention in spotting tortoises. Initially, no fruitful results were obtained.

Thereafter, these students took the AUTHORS to the ponds where turtles were search but to no

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44

avail. Now, a certain price of money was offered to these young boys (Rs.500/-or so per species

of tortoises). In this way, 3-5 species of tortoises were recorded. Hereafter, the households of

schedule caste were surveyed and visited for photographs etc. The surveys were done orally with

no questionnaires thus warding off any official danger to the villagers connected with spotting

and sighting of tortoises. The camera used is Zenith (1986 Model) with tele-lens. Most of the

surveys and interlocution with villagers was done in few villages in Kurukshetra sub-urbs only.

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Table: - 3.1 Showing the list of selected village Ponds of Panchkula District for

observations of fresh water turtles during the study period 2005-12

Block - BARWALA PINJORE RAIPUR RANI

Sr. No. Name of Village Name of Village Name of Village

1. Barwala Basouala Behbalpur

2. Battor Bhagwanpur Hangola

3. Jaloli Bhagpur Najagaon

4. Khetpurali Bitna Piarewala

5. Kot Chowki Raipur Rani

6. Nagal Janauli Tabar

7. Ramgarh Kherawali Tharwa

8. Shahpura Lohgarh Tibbi majra

9. Taprian Mandwala Ganauli

10. Trilokpur Mankpur Nanak

Chand

Garhi Kotaha

11 Billa Kedarpur Rehna

12 Kazampur Kona Mandlai

13 Toka Dhaluwal Mandpa

14 Sunderpur Jabrot Masumpur

15 Rehore Karanpur Tada

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Table: 3.2 Showing the list of selected village Ponds of Ambala District for observations

of fresh water turtles during the study period 2005-12

Block AMB I AMB II BARARA NARAIN-

GARH

SAHA SHAHZAD

PUR

Sr.

No.

Name of

Village

Name of

Village

Name of

Village

Name of

Village

Name of

Village

Name of

Village

1. Balana Babyal

Alipur Balti Bihta Bapoli

2. Barola Boh

Barara Baragaon Ninarpur Chhaju

Majra

3. Behbalpur Brahman-

majra

Dhanora Batora Gokalgarh Dhanana

4. Bhunni Garnala Jolubi Dudhali Kakar

Kunda

Fetehgarh

5. Chhapra Jandli Duliyana Ganauli Nagla Jattan Gobindpur

6. Dhurala Manakpur Malikpur Hasanpur Nurad Jatwar

7. Jansua Panjokhra Mullana Kala amb. Panjail Majra

8. Kalwar Ramgarh Rajokheri Kalyana Ramgarh Panjeton

9. Kaleran Sapera Rajoli Khanpur-

Raj Putan

Rampur Pathrehri

10. Khaira Sultanpur Manka Kherki

Jatian

Sambalkha Patvi

11 Ahema Kakru Manki Harbon Chhapra Bibipur

12 Danipur Rampur Foxa Dera Landa Gazipur

13 Delo-majra Ratangarh Kambassi Chotti kohri Kalpi Berpura

14 Jagoli Sadhopur Kambassa Ambli Malikpur Kalalmajra

15 Hamayupur Dhulkot Akalgarh Andheri Gola Dehari

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Table: 3 .3 Showing the list of selected village Ponds of Yamunanagar District for observations of

fresh water turtles during the study period 2005-12

Block CHHACHHR

AULI

JAGADHAR

I

MUSTAFABAD RADAUR SADAU

RA

BILAS-

PUR

Sr.

No.

Name of

Village

Name of

Village

Name of Village Name of

Village

Name

of

Village

Name of

Village

1. Bagpat Bhogpur Bhogpur Alahar Fajalpu

r

Arnouli

2. Chhachhrauli Bhutmajra Chhppar Barsan Kotla Bansewala

3. Damoli Bibipur Gundiana Fetahgarh Majri Bhattuwal

a

4. Dhramkot Damla Khanpur Gumthala Sadaura Bilaspur

5. Ganola Darwa Kottarkhanna Jathlana Salemp

ur

Haibat pur

6. Kalesar Dirdhla Khera Khurd Jhinverhedi Sanghol

i

Hartol

7. Kapal Machan Dusani Hangoli Khajuri Todarp

ur

Kakrouni

8. Jathehri Hari Bans Dautatpur Khurdban Thaska Kotra khas

9. Bhilpura Kail Masana Jattan Mohri Ratoli Kurali

10. Bhul kheri Khuri Faridpur Naggal Sadik

pur

Malik pur

11 Begampur Akalgarh Gadhaula Alipura Kanipla Manakpur

12 Dhakwala Gobindpura Gadhauli Bapoli Thaska Dariyapur

13 Bhukri Kalanaur Lawani Bubka Galori Marwa

khurd

14 Ismailpur Buria Massana jattan Lal

Chhapar

Pando Chanda

Kheri

15 Bakarwala Kathwala Mansoorpur Kandrouli Rathali Chajju

Nagla

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Table: 3.4 Showing the list of selected village Ponds of Kurukshetra District

for observations of fresh water turtles during the study period 2005-12

Block BABAIN LADWA PEHOWA SHAHBAD THANESAR

Sr.

No.

Name of

Village

Name of

Village

Name of Village Name of

Village

Name of

Village

1. Babain Ban Arnai Ahmedpur Amin

2. Rajghar Bapdi Batheri Chanarthal Barna

3. Barghat Barana Bibipur kalan Charunijatan Birmathana

4. Haripur Barot Diwana Deeg Dayalpur

5. Jalkheri Bodla Guldehra Dhantori Kirmich

6. Jhandola Gajlana Jalbera Kalsani Hathira

7. Mercheri Mehra Kakrali Yara Hingakheri

8. Rampura Sirsama Kalsa Kharindwa Dhurala

9. Sunarian Karami Krah Kishangarh Sarai-sukhi

10. Tatka Umri Lotni Kumhar-majra Sirsala

11 Tatki Dhanora Gumthala Yari Kasora

12 Berthala Ghangori Sarsa Kalsana Mirjapur

13 Berthali Bakali Bhawani-Khera Thol Singhpura

14 Ghuda Jainpur Thana Shantinagar Kheri

15 Majri dhugai Bhor Sainda Nalvi Amin

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Table: 3.5 Showing the list of selected village Ponds of Kaithal District for

observations of fresh water turtles during the study period 2005-12

Block GHULA KAITHAL KALAYAT PUNDRI RAJOUND SIWAN

Sr.

No.

Name of

Village

Name of

Village

Name of

Village

Name of

Village

Name of

Village

Name of

Village

1. Agondh Babaladhana Batta Pundri Bhanna Atela

2 Bhagal Barot Brahmaniwal Sirsal Kassan Dohar

3. Bhuna Deoban Chausal Sanch Korora Urlana

4. Danooda Devigarh Kailram Sakra Kithana Malikpur

5. Kalar

majra

Shergarh Khark Pondwa Pharal Kotra Kakeheri

6. Kharal Keorak Kurar Deeg Neemwala Govind pur

7. Majri Nouch Kalayat Barsana Santokh Majra Khampur

8. Peedal Padla Narvalgarh Fatehpur Sherdha Nagal

9. Arnali Geong Simla Meoli Songal Sotha

10. Nandgarh Manas Dundwa Pai Guliyana Rasulpur

11 Azimgarh Harsola Kheri Sharkhan Kaul Narwal Gohra

12 Bhunsala Khanoda Ramgarh-

Pandwa

Teontha Bir Banghra Pahadpur

13 Garhi-

Nazir

Patti Khot Haripura Solu-Majra Rajound Papsar

14 Kharkara Peoda Dubbal Jatheri Taragarh Kangthali

15 Shadipur Rasulpur Kalasar Pilni Rohera Pishol

INTRODUCTION

50

Table: 3.6 Showing the list of selected village Ponds of Karnal District for observations of fresh

water turtles during the study period 2005-12

Block GHARAUND

A

ASSANDH INDRI KARNAL NILOKHERI NISSING

AT

CHIRAO

Sr.

No.

Name of

Village

Name of

Village

Name of

Village

Name of

Village

Name of Village Name of

Village

1. Phurlak Ballah Bhadson Bara Gaon Raipur Rodan Agondh

2. Raipur Jattan Chogama Biana Chorpura Barana Balu

3. Peepal wari Danoli Budan-

pur Daha Jagir Samana Baras

4. Dhaha Dupedi Chand-

Samand Gheer Barhtal Dachar

5. Bazida Jabhala Labkari Kachhwa Jamba Jundla

6. Kohand Ardana Garhi

Birbal Kunjpura Koyar Picholia

7. Kemla Kudlan Gumton Kambopura Majra Rodan Pingali

8. Hasanpur Rugsana Kalri Jagir Nalvi Kalan Nighdhu Sambhali

9. Gagsina Risalwa Kalsora Newal Kurak Narukheri

10. Jhinwarheri Salwan Hanori Phoosgarh Padwala Zarifabad

11 Satoundi Chochra Tapu Barota Kamalpur Birachpur

12 Bastada Fafdana Khera Jadola Barani Gogripur

13 Kairwali Rattak Chogawan Gogdipur Kalsi Manjoora

14 Kutail Jalmana Janesron Uncha-Samana Anjanthali Sirsi

15 Munak Golli Dhumsi Kambopura Bairsal Bir Majra

INTRODUCTION

51

Table: 3.7 Showing the list of selected village Ponds of Panipat District for observations

of fresh water turtles during the study period 2005-12

Block BAPOLI SAMALKHA ISRANA MADLAUDA PANIPAT

Sr.No. Name of

Village

Name of Village Name of

Village

Name of Village Name of

Village

1. Matnoli Beholi Balana Nohra Diwana

2. Nanhera Chulkana Bijawa Madlauda Khotpura

3. Pasina

Kalan

Karhans Bursham Shera Rajapur

4. Ujha Atta Kaith Rairkalan Bapoli

5. Kurar Manana Kakoda Assan Khurd Sewah

6. Passina-

Khurd

Pattikaliyana Mandi Joshi Urgakheri

7. Bapoli Hathwala Naultha Atawala Jhatipur

8. Behram- pur Dhodpur Pardhana Bhalsi Bichpari

9. Bapoli Budhanpur Seenkh Dharamgarh Nimbri

10. Dadola Bijawa Karad Kawi Mehmudpur

11 Jalalpur Bilaspur Bandh Sithana Chandoli

12 Jalmana Pawti Didwari Nara Babarpur

13 Rishpur Dikadla Shahpur Bhandari Rishalu

14 Garhi Kiwana Puthar Kalkha Kabri

15 Sanjoli Haldana Gawalra Alupur Ganjbar

INTRODUCTION

52

INTRODUCTION

53

INTRODUCTION

54

INTRODUCTION

55

Fig. 3.1 Map of India showing Haryana state

INTRODUCTION

56

Fig. 3.2 Map of Haryana showing districts.

INTRODUCTION

57

Fig 3.4. Schematic map of Panchkula District showing some selected Villages for the

observation of fresh water turtles.

INTRODUCTION

58

Fig 3.5. Schematic map of Ambala District showing some selected Villages for the

observation of fresh water turtles.

INTRODUCTION

59

Fig 3.6. Schematic map of Yamunanagar District showing some selected Villages for the

observation of fresh water turtles.

INTRODUCTION

60

Fig 3.7. Schematic map of Kurukshetra District showing some selected Villages for the

observation of fresh water turtles.

INTRODUCTION

61

Fig 3.8. Schematic map of Karnal District showing some selected Villages for the

observation of fresh water turtles.

INTRODUCTION

62

Fig 3.9. Schematic map of Kaithal District showing some selected Villages for the

observation of fresh water turtles.

INTRODUCTION

63

Fig 3.10. Schematic map of Jind District showing some selected Villages for the observation

of fresh water turtles.

INTRODUCTION

64

Fig 3.11. Schematic map of Fatehabad District showing some selected Villages for the

observation of fresh water turtles.

INTRODUCTION

65

Fig 3.12. Schematic map of Hisar District showing some selected Villages for the

observation of fresh water turtles.

INTRODUCTION

66

Fig 3.13. Schematic map of Sirsa District showing some selected Villages for the

observation of fresh water turtles.