chapter 3 federalism. school: it’s about more than getting a grade
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 3
FEDERALISM
SCHOOL: IT’S ABOUT MORE THAN GETTING A GRADE
Federalism
Chapter 3
Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry
Government in America: People, Politics, and Policy
Fourteenth Edition
Defining Federalism
–Federalism?? a way of organizing a nation so that
there are two or more levels of government.
–Intergovernmental Relations ??the interactions among national, state
& local governments
Defining Federalism
CONSTITUTIONAL DIVISION OF POWERS
DELEGATED POWERS (NATIONAL / FED)EXPRESSEDIMPLIEDINHERENT
RESERVED POWERS (STATES)LOCAL POWERS FROM THE
STATE
CH 4 Mag
CONCURRENT POWERSBOTH STATE & NATIONAL
DENIED POWERSNEITHER STATE OR NATIONAL
CH 4 Mag
USAUSA STATESTATE
WHY FEDERALISM?AFRAID OF A UNITARY GOV’T
THE CONFEDERATION DIDN’T WORK
STATES WANTED POWER & STABILITY
TO GAIN SUPPORT FOR RATIFICATION
Defining Federalism
• Federalism is Important
– Decentralizes our politics• Increases opportunities
– Decentralizes our policies• Increases options
INCREASES POLITICAL INVOLVEMENTMORE ACCESS POINTS OF POWER
AMERICAN FEDERALISMWAS BRAND NEW
VERY VAGUE LANGUAGEARTICLE I, SEC. 8
(NECESSARY & PROPER CLAUSE)
The Constitutional Basis of Federalism
The Division of Power
Supremacy Clause: Article VIThe U.S. Constitution
Laws of Congress
Treaties signed by the U.S.
Article VI, Section 2
• This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.
The Constitutional Basis of Federalism
The Division of Power
Tenth Amendment
Yet, national government cannot usurp state powers.
SUPERMACY CLAUSEAND THE
10TH AMENDMENTAPPEAR TO BE IN
CONFLICT
The Constitutional Basis of Federalism
• Establishing National Supremacy
–Implied and enumerated powers
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Necessary and Proper Clause
• The Congress shall have Power ... To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.
Article I, Section 8, Clause 18
N & P Clause applied to many areas
• Commerce Powers –Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
• The Civil War (1861-1865)
• Racial Equality–Brown v. B of Ed (1954)
• National Health Care– National Federation of Independent
Business v. Sebelius (2012)
INTERSTATE RELATIONSStates’ Obligations to Each Other
Full Faith and Credit ??
Each state must recognize official documents and judgments rendered by other states.
(Article IV, Section I of Constitution)
INTERSTATE RELATIONSStates’ Obligations to Each Other
Privileges and Immunities??
Citizens of each state have the privileges of citizens of other states.
(Article IV, Section 2 of Constitution)
INTERSTATE RELATIONSStates’ Obligations to Each Other
Extradition??
States must return a person charged with a crime in another state to that state for punishment.
DEPENDS UPON COOPERATION FROM THE STATES
CH 4 SUM
DEPENDS UPON COOPERATION BETWEEN THE STATES
AP CHAPTER 3 FEDERALISMextra stuff
FEDERALISM = GOODELAZAR
STRENGTH & FLEXIBILITY
FEDERALISM = BADLASKI & RIKER
BLOCKS PROGRESSHELPS POWERFUL
LOCALS
Understanding Federalism• Advantages for
Democracy– Increases access to
government– Local problems can be
solved locally– Hard for political parties or
interest groups to dominate all politics
• Disadvantages for Democracy– States have different
levels of service– Local interest can
counteract national interests
– Too many levels of government and too much money
““Pop” Pop” EssayEssay
50 WORDSOR LESS
IN5 MINUTES !
HOW IS A PAPERCLIP
LIKE FEDERALISM
???
Intergovernmental Relations TodayDual Federalism ??
Definition: a system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies
Dual Federalism like a LAYED CAKE
FDR
Ended dual federalism
“THE NEW DEAL”
GREAT DEPRESSION
WORLD WAR II
Cooperative Federalism ??
Definition: a system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government
Like a marble cake
Shared costs and administration
States follow federal guidelines
Intergovernmental Relations Today
Cooperative Federalism more like a MARBLE CAKE
LBJ promoted fiscal federalism
“THE GREAT SOCIETY”
ANTI-POVERTY
CIVIL RIGHTS
VIETNAM WAR
Fiscal Federalism??
Definition: the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system
Money = The cornerstone
of the national government’s relations
with state and
local governments
Intergovernmental Relations Today
HOW THE FED. GOV’T GET MONEY
Intergovernmental Relations Today
Intergovernmental Relations Today
FEDERAL GRANTS TO STATES
RONALDREAGAN
“In this present crisis,government is not thesolution to our problem;government is the problem.”
-1980
DEVOLUTION ??( Deregulation & Decentralization)
Power taken from federal governmentand given to state & local governments
NEW FEDERALISMNEW FEDERALISM
• Barack Obama
• FINANCIAL INST.– Regulations– Investment
• Auto Industry– Stock Purchases– Oversight Duties
• Health Care– Mandates
Categorical Grants??
Specific purposes; grants with strings attached
Block Grants??
Federal grants given to support broad programs
Distributing Federal $ to state and local governments
Federalism and the Scope of Government
Federal Gov’t power has increased industrialization
world wars
economic crises
civil rights movement
environmentalism
war of terrorism
What GovernmentWhat Governmentshould doshould do
WHAT SHOULD BE THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT?
• WHAT SHOULD EACH LEVEL
• (FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL)
• OF GOVERNMENT DO?
SummaryFederalism is a governmental system in
which power is shared between different levels of government.
Federalism is always changing.(dual, cooperative, fiscal, new?)
Federalism leads to both advantages and disadvantages to democracy.
AP CHAPTER 3 - FEDERALISMIMPORTANT TERMS
BLOCK GRANTSCATEGORICAL GRANTSCONDITIONS OF AIDCONFEDERATION (OR CONFEDERAL
SYSTEM)DEVOLUTIONDUAL FEDERALISMFEDERAL SYSTEMGRANTS-IN-AIDINTERGOVERNMENTAL LOBBYINTERSTATE COMMERCE
AP CHAPTER 3 - FEDERALISM
IMPORTANT TERMSMCCULLOCH v MARYLAND (1819)MANDATESMEDICAIDNECESSARY-AND-PROPER CLAUSENEW FEDERALISMNULLIFICATIONREVENUE SHARINGSOVEREIGNTYTENTH AMENDMENTUNITARY SYSTEM
AP CHAPTER 3 - FEDERALISMQUESTIONS
1-WHAT REASONS EXIST FOR STATES TO CONTINUE EXERCISING INDEPENDENT POWER?
2-CERTAIN AREAS OF NEVADA PERMIT PROSTITUTION; ALASKA UNTIL RECENTLY ALLOWED THE PRIVATE POSSESSION OF MARIJUANA. COULD THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT LEGALLY FORBID SUCH PRACTICES? EXPLAIN WHY OR WHY NOT.
AP CHAPTER 3 - FEDERALISMQUESTIONS
3-DOES THE SYSTEM OF GRANTS-IN-AID UPSET THE BALANCE OF FEDERALISM?
4-what is the connection between intergovernmental lobbying and grant-in-aid?
5-why can’t federal agencies attack problems by producing and implementing a coherent systematic policy?