chapter 3 ecology.pdf · community ecology . what is a community? ... what effects a community?
TRANSCRIPT
What is a community? Interacting populations that occupy the same space
at the same time. Plants Animals Bacteria
Fungi
What effects a community? How well the organisms have adapted to the
environment. Wolves have thick fur coats for harsh winters.
How well animals adapt to changes in the environment. When a drought occurs, animals need to find different
sources of food.
Most organisms can survive in specific environments. A fish can’t survive on land. A fly can’t survive in the arctic.
What is a limiting factor? A factor in an environment, biotic or abiotic, that
restricts life to succeed. Abiotic
Sunlight
Climate
Temperature
Water
Nutrients
Fire
Soil chemistry
Space
Biotic Other animals and plants
Tolerance The ability to survive a situation that is not an ideal
living condition. Extreme heat or cold Monsoons or droughts Pollution Introduction of a new species
For any factor, there is an upper limit and a lower limit.
This determines the range in which the organism can survive
What is ecological succession? An ecological succession is when one community
replaces another due to the changes in abiotic and biotic factors.
ecosystems are constantly changing. tree falling down
forest fire
How does succession take place?
Primary succession-The establishment of a community in an area of exposed rock that does not have any topsoil is.
Secondary succession The orderly and predictable change that takes place
after a community of organisms has been removed but the soil has remained intact
Determining a successions end point
Due to the many factors that an ecosystem has it is difficult to determine if succession has ever reached an endpoint. Human interference
The time it takes for succession to happen Ecosystems changing from one to another during a
process that is already occurring.