chapter 28 conversation with a leader: haydn and the classical concerto
TRANSCRIPT
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THE ENJOYMENT OF MUSICESSENTIAL LISTENING
EDITION
by
Kristine ForneyAndrew Dell’Antonio
Joseph Machlis
THIRD EDITION
Lecture Slides
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Chapter 28Conversation with a Leader:
The Classical Concerto
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Important Composers of the Classical Concerto
• C.P.E. Bach--50 keyboard concertos
• Johann Christian Bach--dozens of keyboard concertos
• Haydn– Cello Concerto in D Major– Trumpet Concerto in E-flat
Major
• Mozart– 27 piano concertos– 5 violin concertos– 4 horn concertos – 1 bassoon concerto– 1 concerto for flute and
harp– Concerto for 2 Pianos in E-
flat Major– Clarinet Concerto in A
Major
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The Solo Concerto• Soloist (typically piano or violin) and
orchestra• 3 movement format: fast, slow, fast• 1st and last movements usually had
cadenza: an improvisatory passage in which soloist could show off virtuosity on instrument, fermata– Often this passage was not written by composer.– Much of the musical improvisation was based on
themes of the movement.
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Concerto--Movements
• Second movement--sonata, theme and variations, or ABA form
• Third movement--Finale--sonata or rondo form
• Omits the dance movement (minuet and trio)
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The Classical ConcertoThe Movements of the Concerto
• The movements of the concerto– I: fast– II: slow– III: fast
• Cadenza
Mozart: Piano Concerto No. 21, II (piano entrance)
Mozart: Clarinet Concerto, III
Mozart: Piano Concerto No. 21, I (cadenza)
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Double-Exposition Concerto Form
• First movement--sonata form– 2 expositions
• 1st--orchestra alone; all in tonic• 2nd--soloist and orchestra together; 2nd theme modulates to
related key (as in other sonata form movements)– Development--avoids tonic, like sonata form– Recapitulation--all themes in tonic
• Contains cadenza--virtuostic, improvisatory section based on themes and other material
– Coda--follows cadenza--orchestra plays alone; tonic key
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The Classical ConcertoThe Movements of the Concerto
Closing Theme IITheme ICadenzaTrans.
& piano theme
Various themes Coda
Solo Exposition Development Recapitulation
A’ B A
Theme IITheme I Transition
Orchestral Exposition
A
First movement (I)• First-movement concerto form• Sonata-allegro with a double exposition
Modulation to new key area
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Mozart’s Piano Concerto in A Major
• 1781--Mozart left his native Salzburg and moved to Vienna at age 25, hoping to get a position in a royal court. There he composed 17 piano concertos in the 10 years before he died (age 35).
• Concerto = soloist plus orchestra in various configurations– Orchestra alone– Soloist alone– Orchestra supports soloist– Soloist supports orchestra– Soloist and orchestra of equal
importance
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Piano Concerto in A Major--1st Movement
• Characteristics of the Four Main Themes– 1st--serene and balanced, homophonic texture, soft dynamics,
mixture of conjunct and disjunct motion, downward contour– 2nd--more agitated, homophonic, loud dynamics, upward leaps,
upward contour– 3rd--short note values, homophonic, soft dynamics, conjunct
motion, contour downward– 4th--calm, longer note values, polyphonic, soft dynamics,
downward contour followed by upward leaps
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Piano Concerto in A MajorMovement I
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vttZzUPg3A&index=38&list=PLD2FA7A1A4352F58A
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The Classical ConcertoThe Movements of the Concerto
The second movement (II)• Slow and lyrical• Andante, Adagio, or Largo
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The third movement• Allegro molto or Presto• Sonata-allegro or Rondo form
A-B-A-B-A, or
A-B-A-C-A, or
A-B-A-C-A-B-A, etc.
Theme I
Closing
Theme IITheme I ClosingTrans.
Trans.
Theme II
Coda
Exposition Development RecapitulationA B A
Rondo
Sonata-allegro
The Classical ConcertoThe Movements of the Concerto
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The Last Movement: Haydn’s Concerto for Trumpet and Rondo Form
• Thirty-five concertos by Haydn• Trumpet concerto: experimental instrument,
keyed trumpet– highly lyrical melodies, virtuosic passages– 1800 first performance; manuscript lost until 1929– Haydn’s last orchestral work
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Concerto for Trumpet in E-flatThird Movement-Rondo(1796)
• Composed in 1796 for keyed trumpet• Virtuoso-Anton Weidinger• Contains difficult passages• Exciting to listen to
– Brilliant trumpet sound– Happy quality– Rondo form– Rondo contains both old and new ideas
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• Rondo: recurring musical idea, refrain (A)
• (A-B-A-C-A) symmetrical, balanced
• (A-B-A-C-A-B-A) sonata-rondo– combines sonata-allegro form and rondo
The Last Movement: Haydn’s Concerto for Trumpet and Rondo Form
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Trumpet Concerto in Eb MajorMovement III
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emUOjj5o4J0
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by
Kristine ForneyAndrew Dell’Antonio
Joseph Machlis
Lecture Slides
THIRD EDITION
THE ENJOYMENT OF MUSICESSENTIAL LISTENING EDITION
http://wwnorton.com/web/enjoyess2