Latin Americans Win Independence

Chapter 24 Section Four

A. Colonial Economy1. Spain and Portugal controlled much of Latin

America2. Both ruled on the economic principles

MERCANTILISM (Great for Spain and Portugal)

a. Believed nations gained wealth by obtaining gold and silver

b. Colonies could not trade freely with other nations3. Conquistadors were given haciendas

a. American Indians used as slave labor- overworked mistreated

I. Life in Colonial Latin America

B. Colonial Society1. Higher- royal officials, owners of large estates and mines Lower- workers, peasants, and slave2. Racial discrimination was a fact of life.a. Peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, mulattoes3. Catholic Churcha. great power and influence4. Womena. Spanish women were granted some freedom

I. Life in Colonial Latin America cont.

A. Causes of discontent1. Charles III tried to restore authority

a. Intendancy system- peninsulares as governorsb. Policies to benefit Spain at colonies expensec. Heavy taxes to support Spain’s European Wars

2. Colonists call for IndependenceB. Haiti’s slave revolution

1. French colony revolts in 1791a. Slaves and mulattoes join under the leadership of

Toussaint-Lovertureb. Defeat Napoleons army in 1804

2. First independent country in Latin America

II. Discontent and the First Rebellion

A. Mexico and Central America1. 1810-A priest, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla led an

army against peninsulares and creoles (captured and executed)

2. Jose Maria Morelos y Pavon continued the fightB. Spanish South America

1. Leaders of the rebellion- Simon Bolivar, Jose Francisco de San Martin, and Bernardo O’higgins

2. 1824 Independence for all of South America after a long bloody civil war

C. Brazil1. 1822 Dom Pedro declared independence

III. The Spanish and Portuguese Colonies Rebel

A. Monroe Doctrine1. Issued by Pres. Monroe to protect

independence of Latin American coloniesB. Latin American Unity

1. Difficult to unite because of vast distances, geographical barriers, and regional rivalries

a. Broke into many countriesC. Internal problems

1. Conflict between liberals and conservatives kept many states in turmoil

2. Many rebellions and leaders.

IV. Latin America after Independence

1830 Latin America

Latin America