Chapter 23 Section 1Chapter 23 Section 1Study GuideStudy Guide

The French RevolutionThe French Revolution

1700s France…trouble was 1700s France…trouble was a-brewin' a-brewin'

Despite the salons, Despite the salons, etc.etc.

Problem: the old Problem: the old social structures of social structures of feudalism were still feudalism were still largely in place, largely in place, even though the even though the "demographics" of "demographics" of France had changedFrance had changed

L'ancien regimeL'ancien regime

The First EstateThe First Estate ClergyClergy Owned 10% of FranceOwned 10% of France

Paid 2% in taxesPaid 2% in taxes

The Second EstateThe Second Estate The nobilityThe nobility 2% of population 2% of population

owned 20% of Franceowned 20% of France Paid little or no taxesPaid little or no taxes

Why?Why?

The Third EstateThe Third Estate The middle class The middle class

aka the aka the bourgeoisiebourgeoisie Paid high taxesPaid high taxes Resentful of nobles & Resentful of nobles &

church leaderschurch leaders

Urban workersUrban workers Poor, frequent Poor, frequent

unemploymentunemployment Rural PeasantsRural Peasants

PoorPoor Heavily taxedHeavily taxed

The Third EstateThe Third Estate

98% of population98% of population Unhappy about high taxesUnhappy about high taxes Resentful of nobles' & church Resentful of nobles' & church

leaders' leftover feudal privileges leaders' leftover feudal privileges The Bourgeoisie: excited about The Bourgeoisie: excited about

Enlightenment ideasEnlightenment ideas = ready for change= ready for change

Other forces for changeOther forces for change

Success of American RevolutionSuccess of American Revolution Economic problems in FranceEconomic problems in France

Heavy taxes on middle class stifled Heavy taxes on middle class stifled businessesbusinesses

Bad harvests in the 1780s drove up pricesBad harvests in the 1780s drove up prices Extravagant spending by French royaltyExtravagant spending by French royalty

King Louis XVIKing Louis XVI Weak leaderWeak leader indecisiveindecisive

The beginning of the The beginning of the RevolutionRevolution

To fix France's failing economy, Louis To fix France's failing economy, Louis wanted to tax the nobles, so he called wanted to tax the nobles, so he called for a meeting of the Estates-Generalfor a meeting of the Estates-General Since each estate had one vote, the Third Since each estate had one vote, the Third

Estate lost all votes 2-1, since the nobility Estate lost all votes 2-1, since the nobility would vote with the Catholic Church would vote with the Catholic Church leaders to maintain the status quoleaders to maintain the status quo

This time, things were different…This time, things were different…

Third Estate won't play Third Estate won't play ball…ball…

The Third Estate The Third Estate declares itself the declares itself the National AssemblyNational Assembly

1st. What is the third estate? 1st. What is the third estate? Everything.Everything.

2nd. What has it been heretofore in the 2nd. What has it been heretofore in the political order? Nothing.political order? Nothing.

3rd. What does it demand? To become 3rd. What does it demand? To become something therein.something therein.

Abbé Sieyès, Abbé Sieyès,

What is the Third Estate?What is the Third Estate?

17891789

The "Oath of the Tennis The "Oath of the Tennis Court"Court"

King tried to lock the King tried to lock the National Assembly National Assembly out of their meeting out of their meeting placeplace Delegates met on an Delegates met on an

indoor tennis court indoor tennis court instead, vowing that instead, vowing that wherever they met, wherever they met, thatthat would be the would be the National AssemblyNational Assembly

June 20, 1789June 20, 1789

The Oath of the Tennis Court by Jacques-Louis David

The King backs down a The King backs down a little…little…

The National The National Assembly demanded Assembly demanded that each delegate, that each delegate, not each Estate, get not each Estate, get one voteone vote Louis XVI agreesLouis XVI agrees Told nobles & clergy Told nobles & clergy

to join the N.A.to join the N.A. BUT…King also brought BUT…King also brought

Swiss bodyguards to Swiss bodyguards to ParisParis

This made the This made the Third Estate Third Estate nervous…rumors nervous…rumors started…the mob started…the mob grew restless…grew restless…

And storms the Bastille!And storms the Bastille!

July 14, 1789July 14, 1789 Paris mob attacks the Paris mob attacks the

Bastille, a military Bastille, a military prison and armoryprison and armory Prison commander Prison commander

tried to surrender, but tried to surrender, but mob wouldn't acceptmob wouldn't accept

Commander & troops Commander & troops killedkilled

Paris mob now armedParis mob now armed

Rumors abound…Rumors abound…

Rumors that the Rumors that the king had king had summoned more summoned more mercenaries to mercenaries to Paris led to a Paris led to a slaughter of nobles slaughter of nobles by peasants called by peasants called the "Great Fear"the "Great Fear" Destroyed rent & Destroyed rent &

debt recordsdebt records

The "March of the Women"The "March of the Women"

Oct 1789 - Rumors Oct 1789 - Rumors that royal family that royal family was partying at was partying at Versailles during a Versailles during a bread shortage in bread shortage in Paris led to the Paris led to the "March of the "March of the Women"Women" Royal family brought Royal family brought

to Paristo Paris