7/28/2019 Chapter 23 25 26 Study Guide

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Chapter 23: Digestive System

1. Salivary Glands Cleanses mouth

Moistens and dissolves food/ chemicals

Aids in bolus formation

Contains enzymes that break down starch

2. Esophagus Squeezes bolus (chewed food); forces it down3. Stomach Holds ingested food

Degrades this food both physically and chemically

Mixes food up to become chime

Digest proteins

4. Liver Produces bile- bile emulsifies fats (emulsify= breaks downs fats)

5. Gall Bladder Stores, concentrates, and releases bile

6. Small intestine Finishes carbohydrate and protein digestion- digests fats- abosorption

7. Pancreas Exocrine

Secretes pancreatic juice that breaks down foodstuffs (proteins,

cars, etc.)8. Large Intestine Digestion of bacteria (nothing else)

Vitamins, water, and electrolytes are reclaimed

Its major function is propulsion of fecal materials towards the

anus

9. Appendix Traps infectious bacteria in its lumen

rebooting your digestive system with beneficial germs

10. Rectum Bottom of intestinal tract that stores feces

11. Anus Helps remove feces

Chapter 25: Urinary System

1. Kidney Filters your blood

Regulates volume and chemical make up of blood

2. Ureter Move urine from kidneys to bladder

Maintains proper balance

3. Urethra Drains urine from bladder

4. Urinary bladder Temporarily stores urine

Chapter 26: Reproductive system

Female

1. Uterus Usually for nourishing the young during development prior to birth that

consists of a greatly modified and enlarged section of an oviduct During pregnancy undergoes great increase in size and change in

the condition of its wallscalled also womb

2. Ovary essential female reproductive organs that produce eggs and in vertebratesfemale sex hormones develops eggs

3. Uterine Tube(Fallopian tube)

either of the pair of tubes that carry the eggs from the ovary to the uterus

4. Vagina The vagina is the sex organ that distends to envelop the male's penis

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during sexual intercourse. It is the receptacle for sperm, the passage way

for menstrual blood, and the fetus during childbirth.

5. Cervix The function of the cervix is to allow flow of menstrual blood from the

uterus into the vagina, and direct the sperms into the uterus duringintercourse.

Increases diameter during labor

Male

1. Testis producing sperm (spermatozoa)

producing male sex hormones of which testosterone is the best-known

2. Scrotum the external sac that in most mammals contains the testes

keep the testis at a temperature slightly lower than that of the rest

of the body.

3. Epididymis transport and storage of the sperm cells that are produced in the

testes

Mature sperm

force the sperm into the vas deferens during sexual arousal

4. Ductus deferens(Vas Deferens)

The vas deferens transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation forejaculation.

5. Bulbourethralglands

These glands produce a clear, slippery fluid that empties directly into theurethra. This fluid serves to lubricate the urethra and to neutralize any

acidity that may be present due to residual drops of urine in the urethra.

6. Prostate The prostate gland contributes additional fluid to the ejaculate. Prostatefluids also help to nourish the sperm. The urethra, which carries the

ejaculate to be expelled during orgasm, runs through the center of the

prostate gland.

7. Seminal Vesicle The seminal vesicles produce a sugar-rich fluid (fructose) that provides

sperm with a source of energy and helps with the sperms motility (abilityto move). The fluid of the seminal vesicles makes up most of the volume

of a mans ejaculatory fluid, or ejaculate.

8. Urethra The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of thebody. In males, it has the additional function of expelling (ejaculating)

semen when the man reaches orgasm.

9. Penis As the penis fills with blood, it becomes rigid and erect, which

allows for penetration during sexual intercourse.

Semen, which contains sperm, is expelled (ejaculated) through the

end of the penis