chapter 22 ppt notes the ordeal of reconstruction 1865-1877
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Chapter 22 PPT NotesChapter 22 PPT Notes“The Ordeal of “The Ordeal of Reconstruction”Reconstruction”
1865-18771865-1877
The Problems of PeaceThe Problems of Peace
No leader to start the ReconstructionNo leader to start the Reconstruction Life in the South was damaged Life in the South was damaged
1.1. Farms, and crops were destroyed Farms, and crops were destroyed 2.2. Slaves are now freeSlaves are now free3.3. Many cities were bombed outMany cities were bombed out
Slave owners $2 billion dollar investment Slave owners $2 billion dollar investment disappeared with disappeared with emancipationemancipation
The “Old South” had gone with the windThe “Old South” had gone with the wind
FreedmenFreedmen Define Freedom Define Freedom
Church becomes the focus of black community
With freedom came education, but severe discrimination would face those who pursued it
Freed blacks still enslaved by plantersFreed blacks still enslaved by planters1.1. Claimed that emancipation wasn’t legal until declared Claimed that emancipation wasn’t legal until declared
by local or state courtsby local or state courts
2.2. Slaves Slaves retaliatedretaliated by by pillagingpillaging master’s things master’s things
The Freedman’s BureauThe Freedman’s Bureau Established March 3, 1865Established March 3, 1865 Headed by Union General Oliver O. HowardHeaded by Union General Oliver O. Howard The first type of welfare program in the U.S.The first type of welfare program in the U.S. It was to provide food, clothing, medical care, and It was to provide food, clothing, medical care, and
education to both freedmen and to white refugees.education to both freedmen and to white refugees. However, slaves would eventually be contracted However, slaves would eventually be contracted
again by slave ownersagain by slave owners Pres. Andrew Johnson, who shared Southern Pres. Andrew Johnson, who shared Southern
Supremacist feelings, ended it in 1872Supremacist feelings, ended it in 1872
Union General Oliver O. HowardUnion General Oliver O. Howard
The Freedman’s BureauThe Freedman’s Bureau
Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes
Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes
Plenty to eat and
nothing to do.
Freedmen’s Bureau School
Freedmen’s Bureau School
Johnson: “The Johnson: “The TailorTailor President” President”
Came from poverty and humble beginningsCame from poverty and humble beginnings Moved to Tennessee, elected to CongressMoved to Tennessee, elected to Congress Gained great attention when he didn’t secede Gained great attention when he didn’t secede
along with his state of Tennesseealong with his state of Tennessee Became Vice-Pres. because Congress sought a Became Vice-Pres. because Congress sought a
Southern Democrat they could compromise Southern Democrat they could compromise withwith
Did not fit well with seat of presidencyDid not fit well with seat of presidency
President Johnson’s Plan (10%+)
President Johnson’s Plan (10%+) Offered amnesty upon simple oath to all except
Confederate civil and military officers and those with property over $20,000 (they could apply directly to Johnson)
In new constitutions, they must accept minimumconditions repudiating slavery, secession and state debts.
Named provisional governors in Confederate states and called them to oversee elections for constitutional conventions.
EFFECTS?
1. Disenfranchised certain leading Confederates.2. Pardoned planter aristocrats brought them back to political power to control state organizations.3. Republicans were outraged that planter elite were back in power in the South!
Presidential ReconstructionPresidential Reconstruction
Established two types of Republicans; Established two types of Republicans; Moderates (agree w/ Lincoln) and Radicals Moderates (agree w/ Lincoln) and Radicals (those who believe the South should be (those who believe the South should be punished punished
When Johnson came to power, Radicals When Johnson came to power, Radicals thought they would control him, but he agreed thought they would control him, but he agreed with Lincoln and even came up with his own with Lincoln and even came up with his own plan for reconstruction using Lincoln’s ideasplan for reconstruction using Lincoln’s ideas
The Baleful Black CodesThe Baleful Black Codes
Started in 1865Started in 1865 Established to keep Established to keep
blacks in submissionblacks in submission Blacks who attacked
labor contractors would face penalties and fines
Blacks could be punished for idleness; would be subjected to work in a chain gang
Congressional ReconstructionCongressional Reconstruction
December, 1865- December, 1865- reintegrationreintegration occurred, many occurred, many Confederates and Democrats of the South Confederates and Democrats of the South showed up to the dismay of many Republicansshowed up to the dismay of many Republicans
Republicans didn’t want to lose the Republicans didn’t want to lose the legislations they passedlegislations they passed
South is stronger politically because blacks South is stronger politically because blacks now count for one person instead of 3/5now count for one person instead of 3/5
Congressional ReconstructionCongressional Reconstruction
Feared that the North and South Democrats Feared that the North and South Democrats would join and institute their Black Codes would join and institute their Black Codes throughout the nationthroughout the nation
December 6, 1865- Johnson claims the South December 6, 1865- Johnson claims the South has satisfied all conditions and pronounces the has satisfied all conditions and pronounces the Union restoredUnion restored
Johnson Clashes with CongressJohnson Clashes with Congress
Johnson repeatedly vetoed Republican-passed bills, like a bill to extend the Freedmen’s Bureau and the Civil Rights Bill
As Republicans gain control of Congress, they began to override his vetoes by a 2/3 majority
Blacks still not given the right to vote, but Radical Republicans agreed that all states had to ratify the amendment to remain in the Union.
Republican Principles and ProgramsRepublican Principles and Programs
Radicals want to keep the South out of the Radicals want to keep the South out of the Union as long as possible and change its Union as long as possible and change its economyeconomy
Moderates wanted quicker reconstructionModerates wanted quicker reconstruction Compromise would become between the twoCompromise would become between the two
Reconstruction by SwordReconstruction by Sword
The Reconstruction Act, March 2, 1867, divided the The Reconstruction Act, March 2, 1867, divided the South into five military zonesSouth into five military zones
Laid down guidelines for the readmission of statesLaid down guidelines for the readmission of states The 15The 15thth Amendment gave the blacks the right to vote Amendment gave the blacks the right to vote
in 1869in 1869 Ex Parte Milligan- a case in which the Supreme Court Ex Parte Milligan- a case in which the Supreme Court
ruled that military tribunals could not try civilians if ruled that military tribunals could not try civilians if there were no civil courtsthere were no civil courts
Charles Sumner & Thaddeus StevensCharles Sumner & Thaddeus Stevens Senate HouseSenate House
5 Military Districts5 Military Districts
The Civil WarThe Civil War AmendmentsAmendments
1313thth Amendment- Slavery, or work done Amendment- Slavery, or work done involuntarily, except when punished, is involuntarily, except when punished, is prohibited in the U.S. or any part controlled by prohibited in the U.S. or any part controlled by itit
1414thth Amendment- All people born in the U.S. Amendment- All people born in the U.S. are citizens at the place of their birthare citizens at the place of their birth
1515thth Amendment- A citizen’s right to vote will Amendment- A citizen’s right to vote will not be denied or taken away due to race, color, not be denied or taken away due to race, color, or previous slave statusor previous slave status
No Women VotersNo Women Voters
1313thth, 14, 14thth, and 15, and 15thth Amendments did not give Amendments did not give women women suffragesuffrage
Women advocates like Elizabeth Cady Stanton Women advocates like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony campaigned against the and Susan B. Anthony campaigned against the 1414thth and 15 and 15thth Amendments Amendments
Women didn’t get what they wantedWomen didn’t get what they wanted
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. AnthonyB. Anthony
The Realities of Radical The Realities of Radical Reconstruction in the SouthReconstruction in the South
Blacks began to organize politically- created Blacks began to organize politically- created the Union Leaguethe Union League
Black men began serving in CongressBlack men began serving in Congress Southerners hated seeing their former slaves Southerners hated seeing their former slaves
hold higher positions than theyhold higher positions than they Showed malice towards “Showed malice towards “scalawagsscalawags” and ” and
““carpetbaggerscarpetbaggers”” There was contempt for both groups in the There was contempt for both groups in the
SouthSouth
ScalawagsScalawags and and CarpetbaggersCarpetbaggers
Black ReconstructionBlack Reconstruction
The Ku Klux KlanThe Ku Klux Klan
Started in Tennessee in 1866Started in Tennessee in 1866 Also known as the “Invisible Empire of the Also known as the “Invisible Empire of the
South”South” Dedicated to scaring blacks into not voting or Dedicated to scaring blacks into not voting or
seeking employmentseeking employment
The Ku Klux KlanThe Ku Klux Klan
Johnson Walks the Johnson Walks the Impeachment PlankImpeachment Plank
Congress passes the Tenure of Office Act in Congress passes the Tenure of Office Act in 18671867
Claims the President must be allowed by the Claims the President must be allowed by the Senate to remove his appointees if they have Senate to remove his appointees if they have been approved by the Senatebeen approved by the Senate
They did this to keep Edwin M. Stanton, who They did this to keep Edwin M. Stanton, who was a Republican spy, in officewas a Republican spy, in office
Johnson released Stanton of duty in 1868Johnson released Stanton of duty in 1868 Republicans impeached him after he let him goRepublicans impeached him after he let him go
Edwin M. StantonEdwin M. Stanton
A Non-Guilty Verdict for JohnsonA Non-Guilty Verdict for Johnson
Johnson advised not to testify by his lawyersJohnson advised not to testify by his lawyers They claimed the Tenure of Office was They claimed the Tenure of Office was
unconstitutional unconstitutional May 16, 1868, Johnson was acquitted of May 16, 1868, Johnson was acquitted of
charges by one vote (7 out of 6 votes)charges by one vote (7 out of 6 votes) Radicals were enraged by the acquittal, but Radicals were enraged by the acquittal, but
other politicians feared setting the other politicians feared setting the precedentprecedent of of removing the president of office by removing the president of office by impeachmentimpeachment
The Purchase of Alaska The Purchase of Alaska
Secretary William H. Seward bought Alaska Secretary William H. Seward bought Alaska from Russia in 1867from Russia in 1867
Bought it for $7.2 million Bought it for $7.2 million Most people laughed at him and called it Most people laughed at him and called it
“Seward’s Folly” “Seward’s Folly” Not until later when gold and oil were Not until later when gold and oil were
discovered was the purchase of Alaska discovered was the purchase of Alaska considered to be a bargainconsidered to be a bargain
The Purchase of AlaskaThe Purchase of Alaska
The Heritage of ReconstructionThe Heritage of Reconstruction
Many Southerners regarded reconstruction as Many Southerners regarded reconstruction as worse than the Civil War worse than the Civil War
It destroyed their system of societyIt destroyed their system of society The Republicans failed to improve the The Republicans failed to improve the
conditions of the South conditions of the South Conditions for blacks would remain difficult Conditions for blacks would remain difficult
for at least another century until the Civil for at least another century until the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950’s & 60’sRights Movement in the 1950’s & 60’s