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Chapter 21 Chapter 21 Presenting Insights Presenting Insights and Findings: and Findings: Oral Presentations Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Page 1: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Chapter 21Chapter 21

Presenting Insights Presenting Insights and Findings: and Findings:

Oral PresentationsOral Presentations

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 

Page 2: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-2

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Understand . . .

• How the oral research presentation differs from and is similar to traditional public speaking.

• Why historical rhetorical theory has practical influence on business presentation skills in the 21st century.

• How to plan for the research presentation.

• The frameworks and patterns of organizing a presentation.

Page 3: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-3

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Understand . . .

• The uses and differences between the types of materials designed to support your points.

• How proficiency in research presentations requires designing good visuals and knowing how use them effectively.

• The importance of delivery to getting and holding the audience’s attention.

Page 4: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-4

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Understand . . .

• Why practice is an essential ingredient to success and how to do it.

• What needs to be assembled and checked to be certain that arrangements for the occasion and venue are ready.

Page 5: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-5

Virtual MeetingsVirtual Meetings

“Thanks to the vast improvements intechnology, the time is right for companiesto include completely virtual meetingoptions as part of their overall meetingsstrategy.

Chris Gaia, vice president of marketing-travel division

Maritz

Page 6: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-6

PulsePoint: Research PulsePoint: Research RevelationRevelation

15 The percent of less information that is delivered verbally when using a PowerPoint presentation

Page 7: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-7

Oral Oral Presentation Presentation and the and the Research Research ProcessProcess

Page 8: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-8

Model for Model for Presentation PlanningPresentation Planning

Page 9: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-9

Artistotle’s ProofsArtistotle’s Proofs

Page 10: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-10

Aristotle ProofsAristotle Proofs& the Presentation& the Presentation

EthosEthos

PathosPathos

LogosLogos

Page 11: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-11

Questions Guide the PlanQuestions Guide the Plan

Page 12: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-12

Audience AnalysisAudience Analysis

Seven Questions to Understand Your Audience

• Who are they?

• Why are they here?

• What keeps them up at night?

• Why should they care about the presentation?

• What do you want them to do?

• Should you expect resistance?

• How can you best reach them?

Page 13: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-13

Types of LearnersTypes of Learners

Visual

Auditory

Kinesthetic

Page 14: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-14

Psychological PrinciplesPsychological Principles

• Selective Perception

• Process Meanings

• Imaginative Construction

• Audience Construct Formation

• Recency Effect

• Primacy Effect

Page 15: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-15

Web-based PresentationWeb-based Presentation

Page 16: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-16

Patterns of OrganizationPatterns of Organization

TopicalTopical

SpatialSpatial

ClassificationClassification

ClimaxClimax

Problem/SolutionProblem/Solution

ChronologicalChronological

Past/present/futurePast/present/future

Page 17: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-17

Patterns of OrganizationPatterns of Organization

Past/present/futurePast/present/future

Cause/effect/solutionCause/effect/solution

Pros/Cons/Recommendation

Pros/Cons/Recommendation

Research BriefingResearch Briefing

Motivated SequenceMotivated Sequence

NarrativeNarrative

Page 18: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-18

SupportSupport

Page 19: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-19

Support ChecklistSupport Checklist

Factor Description

Relevant Relevant to the point it is supporting

Appropriate Fill the needs and style of the audience

Believable Accurate, ethically sound and fairly presented

Timely Workable with in presentation time limits

Variety More than one type of support

Balanced Between quantity and variety

Speaker Specific Enhance speaker’s style of delivery & message

Stylistic Benefits from analogies and metaphors

Simplicity Statistics are understandable

Detail Developed to point that audience can understand

Page 20: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-20

SupportSupport

Page 21: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-21

Developing a StoryDeveloping a Story

Page 22: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-22

Visualization ToolsVisualization Tools

Slides

Notes

Handouts

Page 23: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-23

Psychological Principles Psychological Principles of Visualizationof Visualization

Page 24: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-24

Visual Preparation

Flow Aids

Whitespace

Picture Supremacy

Photographic Framing

Visual Design PrinciplesVisual Design Principles

Visibility

Page 25: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-25

Simplicity

Clarity

Visual Design PrinciplesVisual Design Principles

Contrast

Relationship

Page 26: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-26

Design Flow AidsDesign Flow Aids

Page 27: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-27

Graphs Graphs for Oralsfor Orals

Page 28: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-28

Rx for Better SlidesRx for Better Slides

Low Word CountLow Word Count

Avoid SlideumentsAvoid Slideuments

Keep it SimpleKeep it Simple

10-20-30 Rule10-20-30 Rule

Large Font SizeLarge Font Size

Use Bullets in ModerationUse Bullets in Moderation

Page 29: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-29

Modes of DeliveryModes of Delivery

ImpromptuImpromptu

MemorizedMemorized

Manuscript ReadingManuscript Reading

ExtemporaneousExtemporaneous

Page 30: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-30

Delivery PrinciplesDelivery Principles

Avoid ClutterAvoid Clutter

Reduce JargonReduce Jargon

Align Non-Verbal Communication

Align Non-Verbal Communication

PracticePractice

Page 31: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-31

Non Verbal Admonitions Non Verbal Admonitions for a Speakerfor a Speaker

Page 32: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-32

Causes of AnxietyCauses of Anxiety

Perceiving audience as judgesPerceiving audience as judges

Possibility of visible failurePossibility of visible failure

Need to avoid failureNeed to avoid failure

Uncertainty of ability to do wellUncertainty of ability to do well

Focus on own behavior & appearanceFocus on own behavior & appearance

Page 33: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-33

Anxiety Coping StrategiesAnxiety Coping Strategies

Page 34: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-34

Speaker BehaviorsSpeaker Behaviorsto Avoidto Avoid

Vocal•Speak too softly

•Speak too rapidly

•Fail to vary volume, tone, and rate of speaking

•Fill pauses with you know, um, ah

Physical•Rock back and forth

•Pace without purpose

•Fiddle with things, hair, jewelry, clothing

•Stare into space

•Fail to make eye contact

•Move cursor without purpose.

Page 35: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-35

ArrangementsArrangements

Page 36: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-36

ArrangementsArrangements

Page 37: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-37

ArrangementsArrangements

Page 38: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-38

ArrangementsArrangements

Page 39: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-39

Key TermsKey Terms

• analogy • audience analysis • auditory learners • clarity • contrast • compatibility • clutter • demonstration

• enthymeme • ethos • example • expert opinion • extemporaneous

presentation • eye contact • Fact

Page 40: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-40

Key TermsKey Terms

• flow aids • gestures • impromptu speaking • jargon • kinesthetic learners • logos • manuscript reading • memorization

• metaphor • motivated sequence • narrative pattern • nonverbal

communication • paralanguage • pathos • performance anxiety

Page 41: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-41

Key TermsKey Terms

• photographic framing • posture and body

orientation • primacy effect • principle of

appropriate knowledge • principle of capacity

limitations

• principle of discriminability

• principle of informative changes

• principle of perceptual organization

• principle of relevance • principle of salience

Page 42: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-42

Key TermsKey Terms

• recency effect • relationship • research briefing • rule of three • rule of thirds • script • simplicity • speaker note cards

• specific instance • statistics • stories • 10-minute rule • testimony • three-point speech • visibility • visualization

Page 43: Chapter 21 Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

21-43

Key TermsKey Terms

• visual learners • visual preparation

• Web-delivered presentation • whitespace


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