Chapter20.2 & 20.3

EUROPEAN NATIONS SETTLE NORTH AMERICA & THE ATLANTIC SLAVE

TRADE

Colonies began with the goal of finding trade routes to Asia

The French set up the colony of New France East coast of modern day Canada and

the Northern United States Quebec would be the base of

operations for French conquest of the Americas

French would expand territory into Great Lakes region and Northern Mississippi

Would claims all the lands of the Mississippi

French colonists had little desire to build towns or raise families Very focused on bringing in money Most engaged in the fur trade

COMPETING CLAIMS IN NORTH AMERICA

New France - 1702

NEW FRANCE – 1750

English inspired by French and Spanish Jamestown – First settlement

Very little organization More interested in adventures then establishing infrastructure At first 7-10 would die from conflict/starvation Eventually would thrive on Tobacco

THE ENGLISH ARRIVE

The second colony would be founded in Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay

Both colonies founded by groups who faced religious persecution

Faced difficulties but stabilized quickly due to large amount of families

PURITAN NEW ENGLAND

Founded by Henry HudsonAreas around modern day Hudson RiverEstablished as a trading postsDutch not quick to settle the area with

towns Used primarily for financial reasons

Would open its doors to many other cultures to promote settlement with some success

The Dutch, English, and French would also establish colonies in the Caribbean. Lucrative agricultural centers Required large steady work force

Primary cause for African slave trade

THE DUTCH AND NEW NETHERLAND

The English need Dutch lands to unite their colonies Seized the territory with a simple show of force, no shots required

England and France go to war English desire for more territory brings them in contact with the

French War breaks out in Ohio River area This war would include skirmishes all over Caribbean and Indian

colonies

THE STRUGGLE FOR NORTH AMERICA

A FEW ACRES OF SNOW

French and Dutch settler develop a relatively peaceful relationship with Native Americans

English relationships started good but ended very poorly English sought to populate colonies

Required pushing Native Americans off their land Vast amount of land was needed for Tobacco production

English settlers saw Native Americans as heathens or people without faith

NATIVE AMERICANS RESPOND

Conflict begans as early as JamestownKing Phillip’s War

Metacom, or King Phillip, led Indian attacks on Massachusetts villages

Hundreds of people would lose their lives

Ultimately, the Native Americans would succumb to European diseases No immunity led to massive Smallpox

outbreaksEasy expansion led to more land to

farm, more land to farm led to a need for a bigger workforce, which will lead to adopting slavery

SETTLERS AND NATIVE AMERICANS BATTLE

The American colonies are booming with growth but need more workforce to keep up production

Slavery in Africa Slavery existed in Africa for centuries Increased when Muslim invaders took

over regions of Africa In both African and Muslim societies

slaves had some rights Also had some social mobility

Portugal first reaches Africa in the 1400’s but primarily interested in gold

THE CAUSES OF AFRICAN SLAVERY

Why Africans over Native Americans Africans had been exposed to

European diseases and had immunities They had experience in farming Did not know the land so could not

escape Skin color made them stand out

Between 1500-1600 nearly 300,000 African slaves were transported to America

1.3 Million by 17009.5 Million by 1870

AMERICAN DEMAND FOR AFRICANS

Spain began bringing slaves to the Caribbean Plantation, gold, silver mines

Portugal was bringing slaves to Brazil Sugar plantations

England would come to dominate slave trade Brought to Caribbean islands and the modern day United States

SLAVERY SPREADS THROUGHOUT THE AMERICAS

Many African rulers and merchants played willing roles in the slave trade

European traders would meet merchants on the coast

African rulers and merchants would capture and sell trade

Several African rulers did oppose this practice

Nonetheless, the slave trade continued to grow as merchants would work around African leaders not willing to participate

AFRICAN COOPERATION AND RESISTANCE

Along the way millions of Africans diedWere part of Triangle Trade system

Europeans traded manufactured goods to Africa for slaves Europeans sold slaves in the West Indies Brought back tobacco molasses and coffee back to Europe

TRIANGLE TRADE

Millions of Africans died on route to the colonies

Brought along the Middle Passage Known as such because it was

the middle leg of the TriangleSickening cruelty characterized

this journeySlaves were crammed into dark

holdsThey endured beatings and

whippings from merchantsMany would jump overboard to

avoid tortureOthers were overboard if

determined to be sick or a threat

A FORCED JOURNEY

SLAVE SHIPS

SLAVE SHIPS

Those who survived faced an equally difficult lifeSlaves were auctioned off to the highest bidderThey work in mines, fields, or as domestic servantsWorked long days and suffered beatingsLiving conditions were terribleWorking for freedom very rare

SLAVERY IN THE AMERICAS

Slaves managed to keep oral storytelling and music alive

They also found a way to resist Would lower productivity Break tools Uproot plants Thousands ran away Would occasionally break out

in open revolt

RESISTANCE AND REBELLION

In Africa numerous cultures left generations of their strongest members

African families were torn apart It also introduced guns to the continent

which would plunge it into warfareSlavery did help the early colonies

survive, many of which may not have without the labor

African culture also impacted the growing American culture

Africans were not the only cargo travelling across the Atlantic and around the world

Next we will study the Columbian Exchange & Global Trade

CONSEQUENCES OF THE SLAVE TRADE

Why were France’s North American holdings so sparsely populated? (Might want to look-up what sparsely means).

How did Jamestown and the Massachusetts Bay colonies differ?

How did the Dutch and French colonies differ from the English colonies in North America?

Why were the French and Dutch able to coexist in peace with the Native Americans?

Why did the issues of land and religion cause such problems between Native Americans and English Settlers?

SECTION 2 – QUESTIONS

What were some characteristics of Muslim and African slavery?

What advantages did Europeans see in enslaving Africans?

Why did many African ruler participate in the Atlantic Slave Trade?

In what ways did enslaved Africans resist their bondage?

What are some of the contributions that Africans have made to the Americas?

SECTION 3 - QUESTIONS