chapter 20 title, risk and insurable interest
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Chapter 20 Title, Risk and Insurable Interest . Introduction. Sale of goods requires different rules than real property transactions: risk should not always pass with title. UCC replaces title with identification, risk, and insurable interest. §1: Identification. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1© 2004 West Legal Studies in Business
A Division of Thomson Learning
Chapter 20Title, Risk and
Insurable Interest
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Introduction
Sale of goods requires different rules than real property transactions: risk should not always pass with title.
UCC replaces title with identification, risk, and insurable interest.
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§1: Identification
For any interest to pass to buyer, goods must be: In existence. Identified as specific goods in the sales contract (by
serial numbers and/or physically separated from others. Except for fungible goods which do not need separation).
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Identification [2]
Gives the buyer the right: To obtain insurance on the goods. To recover from third parties who damage the good.
Identification occurs: If goods are designated when contract is made. If
goods are not designated when contract is made, then identified at time of designation.
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§2: When Title Passes
Title can pass: Upon physical delivery, or When agreed to by the parties, or If no agreement, depends on whether contract is
shipment or destination contract: • Shipment: title passes at time and place of shipment.• Destination: title passes when goods are tendered at the
destination.Case 20.1: In re Stewart (2002).
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Delivery Without Movement of Goods
Title passes when agreed by the parties, orWith document of title: when and where
document delivered.Without document: when sales contract is made,
if goods have been identified or when identification occurs if they have not been identified.
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Sales or Leases By Non-Owners
Void Title: true owner gets goods back.Voidable Title: good faith purchaser keeps
goods. Case 20.2: Memphis Hardwood v. Daniel (2000).
Entrustment rule: good faith purchaser keeps goods.
Seller’s Retention of Sold Goods: good faith purchaser wins. Sham transactions or preferential transfers.
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§3: Risk of LossROL does not necessarily pass with title. ROL
is important because of insurance concerns.Unless agreed otherwise, ROL passes to
Buyer depending on whether delivery is with or without movement of the goods.
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ROL: Delivery With Movement
Shipment Contracts. ROL passes to Buyer when tendered to Carrier. If
goods damaged in transit, Buyer’s loss.Destination Contracts.
ROL passes to Buyer when goods tendered at particular Destination.
Case 20.3: Windows Inc. v. Jordan Panel System Corp. (1999).
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ROL: Shipping Terms
Term DefinitionF.O.B. Free on Board. Sales price includes shipping to specific place in
contract. Example: FOB Chicago.
F.A.S. Free Along Side. Requires seller to deliver goods alongside the ship before ROL passes to buyer.
C.I.F. Cost, Insurance and Freight. Seller puts the goods in possession of a carrier.
Delivery Ex-Ship
Deliver from Carrying shipping vessel. ROL passes to buyer when goods leave the ship or unloaded.
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ROL: Delivery Without Movement of Goods
Goods Held by Seller: Document of Title is generally not used. If Seller is a merchant, ROL passes when buyer
takes physical possession of goods.Goods Held by Bailee (Warehouse). ROL
passes when: Buyer receives document of title; bailee
acknowledges Buyer’s right to goods and buyer receives title and has reasonable time to pick up.
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ROL: Conditional Sales
Sale on Approval. ROL passes when buyer approves expressly or
implicitly.Sale or Return. (Consignment is sale or return
unless it complies with Art. 9.) ROL passes to buyer with possession.
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ROL: Breach of ContractGenerally breaching party bears ROL.Seller’s Breach.
Rejection - risk stays with seller. Revocation of acceptance - risk passes back to seller
to the extent that buyer’s insurance does not cover the loss.
Buyer’s Breach. Goods are identified, risk passes to buyer for a reasonable amount of time after seller learns of the breach, to the extent that seller’s insurance does not cover loss.
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§4: Insurable Interest
Buyer has an insurable interest in goods that have been identified.
Seller has an insurable interest in goods as long as they retain title or a security interest.
Both buyers and sellers can have an insurable interest at the same time.
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§5: Bulk Transfers
Covered by Article 6 of the Uniform. Commercial Code.
A bulk transfer is defined as: Major part of seller’s inventory. Not made in the usual course of business.
UCC 6 is becoming obsolete and has been repealed by many states.
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Law on the Web
Information on Commercial Law topics at the Hale Dorr Law Firm.
Sample Bills of Lading.
Legal Research Exercises on the Web.