chapter 20 & 21 1920s.pdf · chapter 20 & 21 write down one ... harlem renaissance...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 20 & 21
Write down one word after each slide answering the following question…
What do you think life is like during the 1920s?
▪ NO OPINIONS
▪ NO GUESSING WHAT THE PICTURE IS
▪ JUST FEELINGS OR EMOTIONS
▪ Write down the first word that comes to your head!
http://www.1920s-fashion-and-
music.com/images/1920s_fashion_lineup.jpg
How can you summarize the mood so far?
Positive, Negative, Good, Fun, Bad, Entertaining, War-Like, etc?
Write one sentence in your notes, summarizing this time period (so far )
Now, same thing with different pics!
• What does the mood seem like now?
– Any different?
How is this 1920’s era a time period of contradiction? Think about how it’s good and bad…how can you link some of the good things WITH the bad things
1920’S
• The troops returned home to a different America they had just left.
– Rise in labor strikes (competition for jobs)
– Racism and unrest with minorities
– The Red Scare – people were scared of communism spreading to the US from Russia
How did we leave WWI in the US?
• After WWI, the US enjoyed a time of prosperity and confidence.
– Rising consumer spending.
– Cultural innovations such as jazz music and movies.
– At the end of the 1920s, however, several problems combined to trigger the Great Depression in 1929.
• Democrats were blamed for all of the post-war problems
• Republicans symbolized a return to simpler times – “A return to normalcy” was the Repub. slogan
• #1 issue: return to normalcy, leaving unrest and turmoil behind from the Progressive Era & WWI.
Election Issues of 1920:
Election of 1920:
• Harding won by a landslide
• VP: Coolidge
President Harding
• Reading Handout
Video: Boom Times – 5:34
THE NEW MORALITY
• A “new morality” challenged traditional ideas and glorified youth and personal freedom.
• New ideas about marriage, work, and pleasure affected the way people lived.
• Some women broke away from traditional family roles as they entered the workforce, earned their own livings, or attended college.
• The automobile gave American youth a sense of freedom and the opportunity to pursue interests away from parents.
NATIVISM RESURGES
• In the 1920s, racism and nativism increased.
• Why …
- influx of immigrants (competition for jobs)
- racial / cultural tensions – (strikes – riots)
• Fear and prejudice towards Germans and Communist’s expands to all immigrants leading to a general rise in racism and nativism.
EUGENICS:
• A new idea (“false science”) that claimed
human inequalities were genetic or inherited.
This idea warned people against breeding the
“unfit or inferior”.
• This idea led to a resurgence of the
“New” KKK.
• The “New” KKK went against all groups that
were considered “un-American”.
• KKK grew to 4 million members by 1924.
National Origins Act- Severely limited immigration.
Quotas were set up. Based on a % of the population of each ethnic group that was already living in America.
Who was allowed the most? Results = restriction on all groups from Southern
and Eastern Europe. By 1929 Immigration from Europe was only
150,000. Mexicans were exempt from the quotas.
Sacco & Vanzetti Case – Page 611
Bartolomeo Vanzetti (left) and Nicola Sacco
in handcuffs.
Palmer Raids: Mitchell Palmer helped to
create the FBI which conducted raids on
organizations that were thought to be
radical. Focused on foreign citizens and
immigrants and deported nearly 600
people.
glorified black cultures and traditions. promoted education as a way for
African Americans to gain economic and political power.
also believed African Americans needed separation and independence from whites – return to & set up country in Africa
Garvey’s ideas caused a great deal of controversy Inspired sense of pride to AAs. - which later reappeared
in the 1960s.
Postwar Intolerance video – 5:00
Women’s fashion drastically changed in the 1920s.
The flapper, a young, dramatic, stylish, and unconventional woman, exemplified the change in women’s behavior.
She cut hair short, smoked cigarettes, danced, drank illegal liquor, wore make-up and wore revealing clothes.
Professionally, women made advances in the fields of science, medicine, law, and literature.
THE FLAPPER
Women
Fundamentalists
Fundamentalists – believed the Bible was
true without error. Humans were
beginning to act immoral and that
education should teach creationism
(God created humans) and that Charles
Darwin was wrong.
What group of women will they not like?
The Scopes Trial “Monkey Trial”
•1925, Tennessee passes a law (The Butler
Act) making it a crime to teach evolution.
• (ACLU) American Civil Liberties Union
backs John T. Scopes,
a H.S. biology teacher,
who taught evolution and
challenged the law.
• Clarence Darrow, most famous trial lawyer of day, defends Scopes.
• William Jennings Bryan (3x Dem. Pres. Candidate) is the special prosecutor.
Attorney Clarence Darrow raises his fist while making a speech at the Scopes Trial.
Scopes trial—debates evolution and the
role of science & religion in school.
- A national sensation; thousands attend,
broadcasted on the radio.
• Scopes is found guilty and fined $100.
•Supreme Court later overturned the
decision on a technicality.
•Law banning evolution in school remained
in effect.
Prohibition In 1919 Congress passed the
18th Amendment prohibiting Alcohol. The Volstead Act was the law passed to enforce the amendment. Many Americans ignored the laws of Prohibition.
People went to secret bars called
speakeasies.
Crime became big business, (organized
crime developed because of prohibition)
It corrupted many local politicians and
governments, and police departments.
(Al Capone)
Al Capone’s Jail Cell in Alcatraz
Prohibition eventually fails because:
1. Organized crime controlled the liquor
production.
2. It was never really enforced – Volstead
Act didn’t include the hiring of more
police to enforce the law.
3. People thought it interfered with their
personal freedom.
In 1933 the ratification of the
21st Amendment ended Prohibition.
Video: Morality in the 1920’s - 4:00
During the 1920s, American artists and writers challenged traditional ideas. They explored what it meant to be modern.
During the 1920s there was a diverse range of artistic and writing styles, each trying to express the individual, modern experience.
Carl Sandburg, Earnest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald
Art and Literature
1920s Americans had more leisure time and spending money. (increased buying)
People used this time and money pursuing a variety of leisure (free time) activities.
Millions of people watched and participated in sports and enjoyed music, theater and other forms of entertainment.
Birth of Modern American Popular Culture
Radio - very popular and affordable.
Listeners could find news, music, and comedy or drama shows
New Technologies Change Culture
Band Aid
Hair Dryer
Automobile
Kool Aid
Liquid Fueled Rocket
Q-Tips
Lie Detector
Bread Slicer
Bull Cans
Dozer
Traffic Light
Aerosol Spray Cans
Antibiotics – Penicillin
Hearing Aid
Frozen Food
Bubble Gum
NEW INVENTIONS
DURING THE ROARING 1920’S
motion pictures - drew huge audiences
radio and motion pictures led to a new popularity for baseball, boxing, art and music.
Mass media – radio, movies, newspapers, and magazines – served not only to entertain, but created a shared national experience.
helped unify the nation and spread new ideas and attitudes.
Culture Continued
Babe Ruth became a national hero – thanks to movies, papers, & radio.
Other star athletes such as Jack Dempsey (boxing), Red Grange (football), and Bobby Jones (golf) were idolized because of their achievements.
Pop Stars are Born
• 1927 - Charles Lindbergh 1st to fly across the Atlantic Ocean.
1920’s Slang Words
Video: The Jazz Age 5:18
THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE • Remember The Great Migration????
hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from
the South to industrial cities in the North - hoping to find
a better life during WWI.
• Harlem Renaissance – originated in the city of
Harlem New York and led to a growth of African
American arts.
Harlem Renaissance stimulated artistic development, racial pride, a sense of community, and political organization. Important writers: Claude McKay, Langston Hughes Musicians: Louis Armstrong – introduced jazz, Duke Ellington – big band leader Bessie Smith – “Empress of the Blues,” The Cotton Club was a famous Harlem night spot. Harlem Renaissance – helped to shape national identity through the arts
AFRICAN AMERICAN POLITICS
After WWI African Americans wanted
a new role in life and politics.
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
battled against segregation and discrimination.
Harlem Renaissance Video 6:40
VIDEO HARLEM RENAISSANCE 6:40
Media – Find a song from
the Jazz Age and play it for
the class. You will need to
be able to tell the class who
wrote/played it and the year.
Harlem Renaissance -
Find a poem from a poet of
the Harlem Renaissance
and read it to the class. You
need to be able to describe
what the poem is about.
Women – draw a picture of
the flapper and write a ½
page to page description of
the changes among women
in the 1920s and how the
flapper represents those
changes.
Women – Create a chart
showing how women’s roles
changed in the 1920s.
Required – Section 3 and 4 Guided
Reading
Media – Choose a form of
media that became popular
during the 1920s and create
a poster or power point
showing how it started and
the impact it had.
Heroes – Choose a hero of
the 1920s and create a
collage of pictures with
captions that shows why
that person was a hero.
Then describe your poster
to the class.
Sports – Write a one page
biography of a sports figure
from the 1920s.
Artists - Write a one-page
biography of a writer, artist,
musician, or poet. Look in
your book for people to write
about.
1920s Tic-Tac-Toe Directions: On the board below you are to choose three assignments to do. The
assignments you choose must make a straight line and go through the middle
square. All projects turned in should be your best work. Content is the most
important but neatness and creativity will also be graded.
Acrostic
• Write the word TWENTIES vertically on your paper. You need to do an acrostic discussing the different aspects of life during the 1920s using these letters. Similar to a word gram…
• T = Two Italian immigrants, Sacco and Vanzetti, were victims of racial intolerance and were convicted of robbery and murder on shaky evidence…
• W = …
• Google Doodle Assignment