chapter 2 victor’s early studies - weebly...hermetical views were that sickness and health health...
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Chapter 2 Victor’s Early Studies
Albertus Magnus Paracelsus Cornelius Agrippa
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Saint Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne
1193/1206 - November 15, 1280
Dominican friar and bishop
Considered to be the greatest German philosopher and theologian of the Middle Ages
Achieved fame for his comprehensive knowledge of and advocacy for the peaceful coexistence of science and religion
Roman Catholic Church honors him as a Doctor of the Church
one of only 33 persons with that honor
Writings collected in 1899 went to thirty-eight volumes
Logic Theology Botany Geography Astronomy Astrology
Mineralogy Chemistry Zoology Physiology Phrenology
Shape of the head reveals the shape of the brain; corresponds to specific faculties
Phillippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim
1493 – 24 Sept 1541
Unsure of birth date; either Nov 11 OR Dec 17
"Paracelsus,” meaning "equal to or greater than Celsus”
Refers to the Roman encyclopedist Aulus Cornelius Celsus from the first century known for his tract on medicine
Swiss alchemist, physician,
astrologer, and general occultist.
Trained Physician
Astrology was key to medical practices
Wrote Archidoxes of Magic
Sections on astrological talismans used for curing disease
▪ Also defined talismans for each sign of the zodiac
Created the “Alphabet of the Magi” for inscribing the names of Angels on talismans
Pioneered the use of chemicals and minerals in medicine
Hermetical views were that sickness and health health in the body relied on the harmony of man (the microcosm) and Nature (macrocosm)
humans must have certain balances of minerals in their bodies, and certain illnesses of the body had chemical remedies that could cure them
Hermetical idea of harmony = the universe's macrocosm was represented in every person
Seven planets in the sky
Seven metals on Earth
Seven centers (or major organs) in Man
Everything was heavenly and closely interrelated
Planet Metal Organ
Sun Gold Heart
Moon Silver Brain
Jupiter Tin Liver
Venus Copper Kidneys
Saturn Lead Spleen
Mars Iron Gall Bladder
Mercury Quicksilver (Mercury)
Lungs
Diseases were caused by poisons brought here from the stars
‘Poisons' were not necessarily something negative
related substances interacted
▪ Evil could expel evil
only the dose determined if a substance was poisonous or not
Sometimes called the father of toxicology
"All things are poison and nothing is without poison, only the dose permits something not to be poisonous."
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim
Sept 14 1486 – Feb 18 1535
German magician, occult writer, theologian, astrologer, and alchemist
Declamation Attacking the Uncertainty and Vanity of the Sciences and the Arts
Published 1526
Satire of the sad state of science
▪ Science needed to proceed and develop and not be held back by anything
Declamation on the Nobility and Preeminence of the Female Sax
Published 1529
Pronouncing the theological and moral superiority of women
Three Books Concerning Occult Philosophy
Published 1531-33
argued for a synthetic vision of magic whereby the natural world combined with the celestial and the divine through Neoplatonic participation
▪ natural magic was in fact validated by a kind of demonic magic sourced ultimately from God