chapter 2: understanding and conceptualizing interaction question 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2: Understanding and
conceptualizing interaction
Question 1
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Understanding the problem space
– What do you want to create?– What are your assumptions?– What are your claims?
Right – In science it’s
usually much easier to
define the “problem
space” you are
working in. In ID,
however,
understanding “the
problem”
takes as much
time as
solving it!
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A framework for analyzing the problem space
• Are there problems with an existing product or user experience?
• Why do you think there are problems?• How do you think your proposed design ideas might
overcome these? • When designing for a new user experience how will the
proposed design extend or change current ways of doing things?
Problem: How to help students have a
green dorm room?
Step 1: How do they try to solve that
problem now?
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Conceptual model
• “a high-level description of how a system is organized and operates.” (Johnson and Henderson, 2002, p. 26)
Question 2
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Main components• Metaphors and Analogies.• Concepts• Relationships• Concept User Experience Goals.
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Benefits
• How do users understand the interaction model?• Not to become narrowly focused early on • Establish a set of common terms they all understand
and agree upon• Reduce the chance of misunderstandings and confusion
arising later on
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A classic conceptual model: the spreadsheet
www.bricklin.com/history/refcard5.htm
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The Star interface
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Interface metaphors
• Designed to be similar to a physical entity but also has own properties– e.g. desktop metaphor, search engine
Question 3
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Benefits of interface metaphors
• Makes learning new systems easier• Helps users understand the underlying conceptual
model
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Problems with interface metaphors (Nelson, 1990)
• Break conventional and cultural rules– e.g., recycle bin placed on desktop
• Can constrain designers in the way they conceptualize a problem space
• Conflict with design principles• Forces users to only understand the system in terms of
the metaphor• Designers can inadvertently use bad existing designs
and transfer the bad parts over
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Interaction types
• Instructing• Conversing• Manipulating• Exploring
Right – Good old
GNU Emacs – what
type is this?
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Instructing• Where users instruct a system by telling it what to do
– e.g., tell the time, print a file, find a photo• Very common interaction type underlying a range of
devices and systems
Question 4
Right - The prototypical
Instructing interface – The Linux
terminal.
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Conversing• Like having a conversation with another human• Examples include search engines, advice-giving
systems and help systems• Also included, of course, is having a real conversation
with another human, like texting!
Question 5
Right – Typical start of a
help session in an
application.
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Manipulating
• Exploit’s users’ knowledge of how they move and manipulate in the physical world
• Virtual objects can be manipulated by moving, selecting, opening, and closing them
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Direct manipulation
• Proposes that digital objects be designed so they can be interacted with analogous to how physical objects are manipulated
Right – DM in action. The
perfectly intuitive interface?
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Core principles of DM
• Continuous representation of objects and actions of interest
• Physical actions and button pressing instead of issuing commands with complex syntax
• Rapid reversible actions with immediate feedback on object of interest
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Why are DM interfaces so enjoyable?
• Novices can learn the basic functionality quickly• Experienced users can work extremely rapidly to carry out a
wide range of tasks, even defining new functions • Intermittent users can retain operational concepts over time• Error messages rarely needed• Immediate feedback• Users gain confidence and mastery and feel in control
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What are the disadvantages with DM?
• Not all tasks can be described by objects and not all actions can be done directly
• Some tasks are better achieved through delegating rather than manipulating– e.g., spell checking
• Moving a mouse around the screen can be slower than pressing function keys to do same actions
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Exploring
• Involves users moving through virtual or physical environments
Question 6
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A virtual world
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Extra Credit
• Take a look at http://ignorethecode.net/blog/2009/10/13/10_gui/ and write a review of the proposed mode of interaction.
• Please turn in a .pdf file by 11:59 PM Friday. Angel – Lessons – Drop Boxes - Extra Credit –Week 9.
Question 7
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Cartoon of the day
From http://search.dilbert.com/search?w=easy+to+use&asug=eas&view=list&filter=type%3Acomic.