chapter 2 section 1 pp. 28-34. a.ancient greece 1. direct democracy a. majority rule b. all citizens...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 2 Section 1pp. 28-34
A. Ancient Greece
1. Direct Democracy a. Majority Rule b. All citizens
qualified to govern
2. Written Constitution
B. Rome 1. Democratic Principles a. Sovereignty b. Majority Rule c. Equality d. Written Constitution 2. Republic a. Elected
representatives 3. Cicero a. Orator, Lawyer, Writer b. Limits on Government c. Checks and Balances
C. Middle Ages
1. Natural Law - “Higher”
law that prevents government from exercising total
power and control over people.
A. Thomas Hobbes 1. “State of Nature”
a. Every person had the right to do as he pleased
b. Led to violence and chaosc. Life was “solitary, poor,
nasty, brutish, and short”
2. Social Contracta. Ruler with absolute
authorityb. Government supreme
over the people
B. John Locke 1. Natural Rights
a. Life, Liberty, Property b. Cannot be taken away
2. Social Contracta. People give
government certain powers
b. Government protects natural rights
c. People have right to change government
C. Baron de Montesquieu
1. Separation of Powersa. Legislative branch
makes lawsb. Executive branch
enforces lawsc. Judicial branch
interprets laws
A. Royal Colonies – 8 of 131. British Crown
directly ruled2. Royal governor and
council (upper house) appointed
3. Colonists elected assembly (lower house)
4. Governor had veto power
B. Proprietary Colonies1. Ruled by individuals
or groups who had been granted land by the crown
2. Generally free to rule as they wished
3. Appointed governors and members of upper house
4. People elected the lower house
C. Charter Colonies1. Established by groups
of settlers who had been given a grant of rights and privileges by the crown
2. Colonists elected own governors & legislature (both houses)
3. Governor could not veto acts of legislature
D. What Colonists Learned1. Power of executive
should be limited2. Controlling taxes and
funds were effective tools to attack governors. Should remain with legislators
3. Right to trial by jury, to post bail, and to face one’s accuser are “natural rights”