chapter 2: origins of american government section 4 · 2012-05-15 · title: microsoft powerpoint -...

Chapter 2: Origins of American Government

Section 4

Chapter 2: Origins of American Government

Section 4

ObjectivesObjectives

1. Identify the Framers of the Constitution and discuss how they organized the Philadelphia Convention.

2. Compare and contrast the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan.

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 2Chapter 2, Section 4

and the New Jersey Plan.

3. Summarize the convention’s major compromises and the effects of those decisions.

4. Describe the delegates’ reactions to the Constitution.

Key TermsKey Terms

• Framers: the individuals who attended the

Philadelphia Convention

• Virginia Plan: a plan offered at the Convention

that called for a central government with three

branches, with each state’s representation in a


branches, with each state’s representation in a

bicameral legislature based mainly on

population

• New Jersey Plan: a plan calling for a central

government with a unicameral legislature and

equal representation of all the states.

Key Terms, cont.Key Terms, cont.

• Connecticut Compromise: an agreement to divide

Congress into two houses, one with representation

based on state population and one with equal

representation for all states

• Three-Fifths Compromise: an agreement to count

each slave as three fifths of a person when


each slave as three fifths of a person when

determining state population

• Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise: an

agreement forbidding Congress from taxing state

exports or interfering with the slave trade for at least

20 years

IntroductionIntroduction

• What compromises enabled the Framers to

create the Constitution?

– The Connecticut Compromise

• This compromise dealt with how to determine the


• This compromise dealt with how to determine the

representation of states in the national legislature.

– The Three-Fifths Compromise

• This compromise dealt with issues arising from slavery.

– The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise

• This compromise addressed northern and southern

disagreements about foreign trade.

The FramersThe Framers

• The Constitutional Convention began on

May 25, 1787, with 55 delegates.

– These individuals, called the Framers, came from

many backgrounds:


many backgrounds:

• Many had fought in the Revolutionary War.

• Eight had signed the Declaration of Independence.

• 34 had attended college at a time when it was a rare

achievement.

• Two would become President, one a Vice President,

nineteen a U.S. Senator, and thirteen a member of the

House of Representatives.

A New GovernmentA New Government

• The Framers elected George Washington as president of the convention and set up procedural rules.

– A majority of state


– A majority of state delegations would need to be present to conduct business.

– Each delegation would have one vote.

– A majority vote would carry a proposal.

A New Government, cont.A New Government, cont.

• Then, on May 30th, the Framers made their biggest decision: to replace the Articles of Confederation rather than amend


rather than amend them.– James Madison (right) was a major figure in the movement to replace the Constitution.

The Virginia PlanThe Virginia Plan

• This plan called for a government with a legislative, executive, and judicial branch.

– Congress would have two houses, with representation based on state population or the money given to the central government.


money given to the central government.

– Congress would have more power than it had under the Articles.

• It would be able to force states to obey federal law.

– The members of Congress would elect a national executive and judiciary.

• These two branches would form a council that could veto acts passed by Congress.

The New Jersey PlanThe New Jersey Plan

• This plan proposed a much different

organization of the three branches.

– Congress would have a single house with equal

representation for each state.

• This Congress would have more limited powers than

under the Virginia Plan.


under the Virginia Plan.

– There would be an executive committee of several

people, chosen by Congress.

• At the request of a majority of state governors,

Congress could remove members of this committee.

– The executive committee would appoint a supreme

tribunal to be the federal judiciary.

Connecticut CompromiseConnecticut Compromise

• Checkpoint: What was the Connecticut

Compromise?

– Small states feared that larger states would dominate

them under the Virginia Plan.


them under the Virginia Plan.

– The Connecticut Compromise, also called the Great

Compromise, solved this dispute.

• In the House of Representatives, each state would be

represented according to its population.

• In the Senate, each state would have equal

representation.

Additional CompromisesAdditional Compromises

• Southern states wanted to count slaves as

part of the state population. Northern

states did not.

– The Three-Fifths Compromise counted each


– The Three-Fifths Compromise counted each

slave as three-fifths of a person when figuring

representation in Congress.

Additional Compromises, cont.Additional Compromises, cont.

• Southern states wanted to protect their

agricultural exports and the slave trade

from regulation by Congress.

– Under the Commerce and Slave Trade


– Under the Commerce and Slave Trade

Compromise, Congress could not tax state

exports or interfere with the slave trade until

1808.

The Issue of SlaveryThe Issue of Slavery

• Disputes over slavery

during the Convention

arose because slavery

was far more common in

the agricultural South

than in the more industrial


than in the more industrial

North.

• However, slavery was

legal in every states

except Massachusetts.

A Bundle of CompromisesA Bundle of Compromises

• Checkpoint: Why was the Constitution called a “bundle of compromises”?– The Framers had to resolve disputes involving such issues as:

• The exact structure of the new government

• Regional differences among the states


• Regional differences among the states

• The method of choosing the President

• How to amend the Constitution

• The limits on federal powers

– The Constitution they approved on September 17, 1787, has thus been called a “bundle of compromises.”

ReviewReview

• Now that you have learned what

compromises enabled the Framers to

create the Constitution, go back and

answer the Chapter Essential Question.

– How does the Constitution reflect the times in


– How does the Constitution reflect the times in

which it was written?

chapter 2: origins of american government section 4 · 2012-05-15 · title: microsoft powerpoint -...

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