Chapter 19 - Simulators and Emulators for Different Abstraction

Layers of UHF RFID Systems

Figure 19.1 Abstract overview of simulation/emulation cases

Figure 19.2 Tag Classes: UHF RFID Tags

Figure 19.3 Test Components

(b) Interoperability Test Components(a) Conformance Test Components

Figure 19.4 System level design flow based on the methodology

proposed

(a) Simulation platform (b) Real-time verification platform

Figure 19.5 Components of implementation of the proposed

methodology

Figure 19.6 Layers of a framework for UHF RFID system modeling

Figure 19.7 Hardware layer structure of the framework for

UHF RFID system modeling

Figure 19.8 Structure of the software layer for UHF RFID system

modeling

Figure 19.9 Different implementations of a tag

Figure 19.10 Communication path between major modules

Figure 19.11 Example of an application specific layout

Figure 19.12 Simulation Platform for Multi-layer optimization

(a) Carrier and baseband signals separation in the model - splitting in two components: (i) envelope and (ii) carrier frequency and phase

(b) Separation of frequency and time domain analyses

Figure 19.13 RF to baseband modeling approach

Figure 19.14 Reader demodulator: phase vs. amplitude

Figure 19.15 Pre-computing and considering power off times

(a) Pre-computing of Application-layer specifications for system simulation

(b) Gated data and clock signals represent tag inputs considering power-off times in time-discrete models

Figure 19.15 Pre-computing and considering power off times

Table 19.1 Simulation and system performance

Figure 19.16 Cosimulation of the model with physical devices.

Figure 19.17 Parallel simulation of tags

Figure 19.18 Complete system of the tag emulator

Figure 19.19 Oscilloscope screen shot of a correct reader

Figure 19.20 Structure of a higher class (active) UHF RFID tag

Figure 19.21 Mapping of the functional blocks on the tag

hardware units

Figure 19.22 Full baseband tag inventory sequence

a) Two level simulation set up

Figure 19.23 Lifetime Simulation of higher class tags

(b) System level simulation - simulation principle

Figure 19.23 Lifetime Simulation of higher class tags

Table 19.2 Container transport simulation scenario settings

(b) Container tracking simulation results for two wake-up cycles: 4.8 s (a) and 2.8 s (b) - DPM: dynamic power management, EHD: energy harvesting device

(a) Container surveillance simulation environment setup

Figure 19.24 Logistics - container transport