chapter 18: the muslim world expands 1300-1700. vocabulary i ottoman: followers of osman sultan:...
TRANSCRIPT
Vocabulary I • Ottoman: Followers of Osman
• Sultan: Overlord/One with Power: Title for rulers of the Ottoman Empire
• Suleiman the Lawgiver: Leader of the Ottoman Empire through its Golden Age
• Janissary: Elite solider of the Ottoman Empire
• Mughal: Nomads who invaded the Indian Subcontinent in the 16th
• Akbar: “Great One” leader of the Mughal Empire during its Golden Age
• Taj Mahal: Beautiful tomb in Agra, India. Built by Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz Mahal
Turks Settle in Christian Byzantium
• Osman Establishes a State• Beginning in 1300, Ottoman Turks began to use
gunpowder and cannons• By 1361, the Ottomans had conquered most of
Byzantium
• Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion• Mehmet II Conquers Constantinople• City falls after five week siege, renamed Istanbul, became
Islamic capital• Constantinople 1,000,000 vs. 50,000 (population decrease) • Why did Mehmet II want Constantinople? • Mankind: The Story of All of US• Effects of the Turks taking over Constantinople
Suleiman the Lawgiver (Magnificent)
• The Empire Reaches its Limits• Captured southeastern Europe,
(Belgrade)
• Finally stopped at Vienna
• Highly Structured Social Organization• Sultan was at the top, backed by
Islamic converts called janissaries
• Freedom of religion was given to Christians and Jews
• Many cultural achievements were made, including famous mosques
• Creative Period like the Renaissance
• Art, Architecture, Math, Science
• Law Code: Criminal/Civil Laws
Main Ideas
1. How did the Ottomans expand their empire?
2. Why was Suleiman called the Lawgiver?
3. How powerful was the Ottoman Empire compared to other empires of the time?
Early History of the Mughal Empire
• Ongoing Conflicts• From 600 to 1000 AD, Arab
Muslims conquered more and more Hindu territory
• Constant Warfare
• Babur founds an Empire• In 1526, he defeated the
Sultan of Dehli, founding the Mughal Empire
• 11 years old (Uzbekistan and Tajikistan)
• Swept into India
The Golden Age of Akbar (Grandson of Babur)
• A Liberal Ruler• Though a Muslim, he strictly
enforced religious freedom
• A Military Conqueror• Expanded the Empire into
central India, had 100 million people under his control
• Social freedom for jobs
• Income based tax system
• A Flowering of Culture• Art became important,
especially painting
• Literacy increased, and new advances in architecture were made
Akbar’s Successors (1605-1707)
• Achievements of Successors• Expanded Mughal Empire to
include almost all of Indian
• Problems• Ended religious toleration
of non-Muslims
• Drained resources through constant warfare
• Harsh rule turned people against Mughal rulers
• Power of local lords and foreign merchants grew
Shah Jahan
• Akbar’s grandson
• Loved two things: Beautiful Buildings/Wife (Mumtz Mahal)
• Arranged Marriage
• Died after 14th birth
• Ordered a tomb, “as beautiful as she was beautiful”• 1,000 elephants used• 20,000 workers• 22 years• Changing lights=women’s mood change?
• Marble, jewels, collapsing?