chapter 18 section 2. huguenot saint bartholomew’s day massacre henry iv edict of nantes ...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 18 Section 2
Huguenot Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre Henry IV Edict of Nantes Louis XIII Cardinal Richelieu Louis XIV War of Spanish Succession Treaty of Utrecht
Protestant Reformation began in 1560’s
One in ten French were Huguenot
Huguenot-French Calvinists
Large number of Protestant nobles
Threatened French Catholic monarchy
1562 fighting between Catholics and Huguenots
1572 Catholic Queen ordered the killing of the Huguenots
Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre- Huguenots in town for the wedding of Henry of Navarre (10,000 to 70,000 killed)
Henry of Navarre escaped by denying his religion
Was in line to be king
Fought Catholics troops to claim the throne
Converted to Catholicism
“Paris was worth the mass”
Edict of Nantes- gave Huguenots limited freedom to worship
Could hold office in the 200 towns where they were a majority
Concept of one king, one law, one religion no longer in affect
French people accepted the Edict because it stopped religious wars
Required Huguenots to support church financially
Henry focused on repairing country
Improved France’s financial situation
Built up a surplus Created new
industries Drained swamps Built canals and
roads Stimulated trade
encourage agriculture
Henry killed in 1610 (stabbed)
Louis XIII was young, mother served as regent
Cardinal Richelieu- became a chief minister and most trusted advisor
Louis XIII weak ruler Richelieu
strengthened monarchy
Crushed opponents Both wanted to
reduce the power of the Huguenots
People of La Rochelle helped English forces
Richelieu’s troops laid siege to the city
Tore down the city’s wall made the churches become Catholic
Signal to Huguenots that resistance to the monarchy carried risks
Spies found plots against the kings
Three prominent nobles were executed
Richelieu also directed foreign policy
To bring down Hapsburg family sided with Protestants in 30 year war
Richelieu died 1642 Louis XIII died the
next year Louis XIV- best
example of an absolute monarch
His mother was a regent
Cardinal Mazarin became chief minister
Raised to be king Trained to talk to
ambassadors Interpret state papers Hunting, dancing
Different from father Supremely confident
in his ability to rule When Mazarin dies he
was 18
Declared he could rule himself
Choose the sun as his personal symbol
Implying that the world revolved around him
“Letat c’est moi”means “I am the state”
Retained absolute power
Began tradition of absolute monarchy In charge of military Political initiatives Economic initiatives Religion of his
subjects All under his direct
control
Louis deprive nobles of influence
Louis built an enormous palace at Versailles
Required nobles to visit him
Nobles gained prestige by being servants to the king
Urged nobles to develop expensive habits of Dressing Dining gambling
Nobles grew poorer and had to depend more on the king’s generosity
Versailles was a grand spectacle of kingly power
Every moment of the day required rituals Bowing courtiers Eating Dressing Walking in the garden All required a ritual
Smashed power of the Huguenots
1685 revoked the Edict of Nantes
200,000 Huguenots fled France
Prosperous merchants, artisans
Loss of skill and wealth caused a financial crisis
Lifestyle demanded a lot of money
Jean-Baptiste Colbert Limited imports Increased exports Simplified tax system
Built up military from 70,000 to 200,000
Spent money on good equipment
Went to war four times
Louis XIV wanted to increase his power across the border
Louis had to melt down royal silver to pay for wars
War of Spanish Succession- Spanish king died without an heir
Three rulers tried to take over
European monarchs did not want Spain and France so closely connected
England, Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire went to war against France
Fighting in North America was the French and Indian War
1713 Louis accepted the Treaty of Utrecht
Louis grandson got Spanish throne
Louis gave up most of the territory he had taken
War benefited England Louis remained in
power till 1715