CHAPTER 17THE JAZZ AGE(1921 - 1929)

17.1 – POLITICS OF THE 1920s

• You only have to worry about pages 590-592 ,especially Harding’s election to the presidency in 1920 Teapot Dome Scandal Coolidge’s election to the presidency in 1924 Herbert Hoover

Warren G. Harding

• From Ohio

• Served one term in the Senate before running for President

• Won the Presidential election of 1920

• He was a Republican

• He promised a “return to normalcy”• What does this mean?

• There were several scandals during his presidency that seriously damaged his reputation

TEAPOT DOME SCANDAL

• Albert B. Fall - Harding’s Secretary of the Interior

• Allowed private interests to lease government lands containing U.S. Navy oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming

• In return Fall received bribes of more than $300,000

• Fall was sent to prison

MEDICAL SUPPLIES SCANDAL

• Charles Forbes – Harding put him in charge of the Veterans Bureau

• Forbes sold medical supplies from veterans’ hospitals and kept the money for himself

CALVIN COOLIDGE• Harding died in 1923 and Coolidge

became president

• Coolidge was disgusted with the corruption in Harding’s administration

• CC believed that prosperity relied on business leadership, gov’t should interfere very little

• Easily won the election of 1924

• Show clip from The 20th Century: A Moving Visual History (America’s Economic Boom)

Calvin Coolidge

CHANGES TO THE ECONOMY

• Wanted to balance gov’t regulation w/ cooperative individualism• Businesses would share/work

with government

• Reduce costs, promote economic efficiency

• Created the Bureau of Aviation and the Federal Radio Commission to help promote and regulate both industries

• Obama’s cabinet

HERBERT HOOVER – S. of Commerce for Coolidge

17.2 – A GROWING ECONOMY(A lot of things were changing in the ‘20s)

Automobile

AUTOMOBILES & THE ASSEMBLY LINE

Henry FordAssembly Line

INVENTION OF FLIGHT

airplanes Charles LindberghShow clip from The 20th Century: A Moving Visual History (Invention Takes Flight– 4 mins and last part of Stars and Heroes – 30mins to 33:30))

THE RADIO

Show clip from A Christmas Story

WHAT WOULD YOU DO?

• You are married, have 3 kids and live in your own house. You need a bigger car because all 3 of your kids are in car seats. The cheapest car that you think will work for your family is $25,000.

1. How do you hear about, see, find….the car you want?

2. You don’t have $15,000 lying around, so how do you buy the car?

THE CONSUMER SOCIETY

Higher WagesShorter work weeks

These 2 things gave people more money to spend and more free time to spend it/enjoy. This created a consumer society

and the growth of advertising.

Advertising Techniques

How the Internet is changing advertising

Influential commercials

AMERICAN CONSUMER DEBT

• Total consumer debt: $11.85 trillion

• National credit card debt: $918.5 billion

• Average household credit card debt: $16,140

• Average student loan debt: $31,946https://www.nerdwallet.com/blog/credit-card-data/average-credit-card-debt-household/

HOW DO CREDIT CARDS/CREDITORS MAKE MONEY?(they charge interest!)

• To find out how much interest you’re paying on your balance each day, you can convert your APR to a daily percentage rate. To do so, divide your APR by 365, the number of days in a year. At the end of each day, the card issuer will multiply your current balance by the daily rate to come up with the daily interest charge. That charge is then added to your balance the next day, a process called compounding.• For example:

If your credit card has an APR of 15 percent, it will have a daily rate of .041096. Let’s say a cardholder has a balance of $1,000 at the 15 percent APR standard interest rate. The next day, interest is added and the balance becomes $1,000.41, plus any additional purchases and minus any new credits or payments. This process occurs each day until the end of the cardholder’s monthly statement cycle. So at the end of the month, the beginning $1,000 balance becomes $1013 when interest charges are applied at 15% APR.

https://www.discover.com/credit-cards/resources/interest-and-aprs/how-does-my-credit-card-interest-work/

CREATE A COMMERCIAL

a 1-2 minute advertisement for your assigned product

You can use visuals and/or props; be as creative as you can/want as long as it is school appropriate

Each member of the group must have at least 3 lines (1 word lines don’t count, so you can say a 1 word line but it won’t count as one of your three lines)

The goal of the commercial is to convince people to spend their money on your product

UNEVEN PROSPERITY

• Not all Americans shared in economic growth, these were very difficult times for many…

• Native Americans• Immigrants• Deep South• Farmers

17.3 - A CLASH OF VALUES& 17.4 – CULTURAL INNOVATIONS

• See your photo essay/magazine for this section

• Resurgence of the KKK clip (The 20th Century – A Moving History - 3 mins)

• Thoroughly Modern Women clip (The 20th Century – A Moving History - 3 mins)

• Scopes Monkey Trial clip (The 20th Century – A Moving History - 3 mins)

• Stars and Heroes clip (The 20th Century – A Moving History - 7 mins)

17.5 – AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURE

• Great Migration – thousands moved from rural South to northern cities during WWI and the ‘20s

- massive demographic/social impact on the country - examples???

• Harlem became the center of an AA renaissance • Art, racial pride, political organization• This development of AA arts and

culture became known as the Harlem Renaissance

WRITERS

Claude McKay:- Harlem Shadows

(poetry)- 1st important writer

of the HR- Defiance, contempt

for racism

Zora Neale Hurston:- Jonah’s Gourd Vine

and Their Eyes Were Watching God

- described rural AA culture

- women as main characters

Langston Hughes: - writing emphasized

racial pride- I, Too, Sing America

JAZZ, BLUES & THEATER

• Louis Armstrong introduced an early form of jazz• Great cornet and trumpet soloist• Revolutionized jazz and music in general• Cover of TIME magazine in 1949

• Duke Ellington – bandleader, influenced by ragtime• Wrote a ton of music• Started at the Cotton Club

Louis Armstrong

Duke Ellington

JAZZ, BLUES & THEATER

• In addition to jazz, blues became very popular • Blues is seen as soulful, emotional• Evolved from AA spirituals• Bessie Smith was the “Empress of the

Blues”

• Along with music, theater arts were also a major part of the HR• Shuffle Along made its Broadway debut

in 1921• Famous performers included Paul

Robeson and Josephine BakerPaul Robeson

POLITICS

• A march by AA veterans of WWI through Manhattan to Harlem represented new hopes/aspirations

• as a result of the Great Migration AAs became a more powerful voting bloc in the north

• Usually voted for Republicans (party of Abraham Lincoln)

• Oscar DePriest – first AA representative in Congress from a northern State (Illinois)

POLITICS

• NAACP – focused on influencing public officials and working through the courts

• Efforts decrease lynching (Senate defeated a bill to outlaw it)

POLITICS• NAACP fought for political and

economic power, others fought for black nationalism and black pride• Separate from white society?

• Marcus Garvey• “Negro Nationalism”• Established the Universal Negro

Improvement Association• AAs could gain advances by

educating themselves; should separate from whites

• Go to Africa?• Some AAs did not like him; too

radical, insulted them…• Back to Africa movement never

became a reality, but he had a lasting impact on black pride

Marcus Garvey