chapter 17 : 1300-1600 european renaissance and reformation
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Chapter 17 : 1300-1600 European Renaissance and Reformation. Chapter 17:1 . Vocabulary I. Renaissance : Rebirth in art and learning Humanism : Focused on human potential and achievement (God doesn’t help) Secular : Separation of church Patron : Supporter of artists - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 17 :1
Chapter 17: 1300-1600European Renaissance and
Reformation
Vocabulary I
Renaissance: Rebirth in art and learning
Humanism: Focused on human potential and achievement (God doesn’t help)
Secular: Separation of church
Patron: Supporter of artists
Vernacular: Native Language
Utopia: Thomas More’s ideal place
Johann Gutenberg: Invented the printing press
Vocabulary II
Indulgence: Religious pardon for sin
Reformation: Movement for reform of the Catholic Church
Lutheran: Martin Luther’s religious group
Protestant: All Christians who were non-Catholic
Annul: Remove a marriage
Anglican: Church of England
Vocabulary III
Theocracy: Government based on religious laws
Counter/Catholic Reformation: Catholic Church’s attempt to “reform” itself (Win back followers)
Council of Trent: Meeting to determine reforms in the Catholic Church
17:1
Italy: The Birthplace of the Renaissance
Italy: The Birthplace of the Renaissance
Italy’s Advantages Trade Center
Italy had more trade contacts Allowed for better exchanges of ideas
Merchants and the Medici Merchants aided the Renaissance by supporting the
arts Banker/Banking Family Florence
Classical Heritage Copied the works of ancient Romans and Greeks =
Classics
Classical and Worldly Values
Classical Texts lead to Humanism Focused on human potential and achievement, not
Christianity What are we capable of?
Enjoyment of Worldly Pleasures Believed a person could enjoy life and still please God People became more concerned with life on earth
rather than going to heaven
Renaissance Revolutionizes Art
New Techniques Sculpture and painting
became lighter and had three dimensions
Michelangelo: Most famous sculptor was created David, painted the Sistine Chapel, and designed St. Peter’s Basilica
Leonardo Da Vinci: Renaissance Man Studied all aspects of
society, from flight to anatomy
Famous paintings were Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
Michelangelo
Leonardo Da Vinci
Da Vinci Tech
Renaissance Writers Change Literature
Petrarch and Dante Began to write in
vernacular, or common language
Machiavelli Advises Rulers Wrote The Prince
which advised rulers how to keep power
Was not concerned about what was best for people, but what was politically effective!
Keep/Stay in Power
Printing Press The Legacy of the Renaissance
Chinese invented block-printing moveable type Chinese language had too
many letters European languages have
less characters13th century block-
printed arrived in Europe1440 Johann Gutenberg
(Germany) 1st Book: Bible
Changes in Art Classical Styles:
Rome/Greece Secular Works Literature in Vernacular
StyleChanges in Society
Printing: More information Desire to learn Published maps Questioned
political/religious structure
Printing Spreads Renaissance Ideas
Main Idea Questions
1. What are some of the characteristics of the “Renaissance Man” or “Renaissance Women”?
2. How did Italy’s cities help to make it the birthplace of the Renaissance?
3. Explain the quote: “The ends justify the Means”?
CHAPTER 17 :3
Luther Leads the Reformation
Luther Starts the Reformation
Causes of the Reformation Problems in the Catholic Church
Popes had a lot of money, and highly involved in politics Monks and priests were poorly educated, and broke
clerical vows
Early Calls for Reform Some people believed that Popes should not wield
political power Others said that the Bible had more authority than
Church leaders
Luther Challenges the Church Martin Luther
Became upset at the selling of indulgences, which was money to pay for sins
95 Thesis He wrote 95 statements
attacking the practices of the Church
Wittenberg, Germany His ideas based on three main
beliefs:1. People could only get to heaven
by faith alone, not good works2. All Church teaching should be
based on the Bible alone, not the Pope and Church traditions
3. All people in faith were equal, priests were not needed
The Response to Luther
Opposition to Luther Was excommunicated by the Pope Edict of Worms (Declared M.L. an Outlaw) By 1522, Luther and his followers had become a
separate church: Lutherans
Germany at War Charles V and Catholic Princes fought a war against
northern Lutheran Princes After 20 years of fighting, Lutherans could not be forced
back into the Church Peace of Augsburg was signed: religion in a German
state was decided by the ruler
Divisions in Christianity
England Becomes Protestant
Henry VIII Wants a Son Wanted to divorce Queen
Catherine to marry a younger queen
Asked the Pope to annul, or cancel the marriage but the Pope refused (Power Struggle)
The Reformation Parliament In 1529, Parliament ended
the power of the Pope in England – Act of Supremacy
In 1534, the king was declared the head of the Church of England (Anglican Church)
Henry VIII
Consequences of Henry’s Changes Married several wives
throughout his rule 3 Children: Mary,
Elizabeth, Edward Elizabeth Restores
Protestantism Established a religion
acceptable to both Protestants and Catholics
Became one of England’s greatest rulers
The Main Idea Questions
1. What political, economic, and social factors helped bring about the Reformation?
2. From where did the term Protestantism originate?
3. How did Henry VIII challenge the Catholic Church? Why did he do it?
CHAPTER 17 :4
The Reform Continues
The Reformation Continues
Calvin Begins Another Protestant Church John Calvin and his Teachings
(Calvinism) Believed in predestination – God
already knows who he has chosen to save
Thought a theocracy was the ideal government Theocracy – control by religious
leadersCalvinism Spreads
Became official religion in Scotland, known as Presbyterians
Many Protestant religions trace their roots to Calvinism
The Catholic Reformation
Ignatius of Loyola Founded the Jesuit
order, dedicated to keep people loyal to Catholicism
Society dedicated to three main goals1. Founded religious
schools2. Convert non-Christians
to Catholicism3. Stop the spread of
Protestantism
Reforming Popes
Reforming Popes Pope Paul III called church leaders together for the
Council of Trent Decided on standard doctrine of the Catholic Church
(The Council of Trent)1. Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final2. Need Faith and good works for salvation
The Legacy of the Reformation Catholic Church lost power, monarchs and
nation-states gained power!!!! Led to religious wars between Catholics and
Protestants
The Council of Trent
Lasted From From 1545-1563
4 Main Ideas1. The Church’s
interpretation of the Bible was final
2. The Bible and Church traditions have equal power
3. Indulgences were illegal4. Christians need faith
and good works for salvation
Main Idea Questions
1. Why was the Counter Reformation important for Catholics? Why was it necessary?
2. What are some of the accomplishments of the Reforming Popes?