Chapter 16 Chapter 16 The Civil WarThe Civil War

November 17, 2008November 17, 2008

AgendaAgenda

Notes over chapter 16 section 1Notes over chapter 16 section 1

Read pages 510-515Read pages 510-515

Fort SumterFort Sumter

The War BeginsThe War Begins

Furious at Lincoln’s election and fearing federal Furious at Lincoln’s election and fearing federal invasion, seven southern states had seceded.invasion, seven southern states had seceded.– Lincoln tried desperately to save the UnionLincoln tried desperately to save the Union

Lincoln in his inaugural address promised not to Lincoln in his inaugural address promised not to end slavery where it existed. end slavery where it existed.

He stated that the federal government will not He stated that the federal government will not attack you. You can have no conflict without attack you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors.being yourselves the aggressors.

Lincoln tried to calm fears of war or secession.Lincoln tried to calm fears of war or secession.

RealityReality The Union was badly broken because of years of The Union was badly broken because of years of

painful compromises.painful compromises. Battle cry was arising in the South.Battle cry was arising in the South. Confederate officials began seizing branches of Confederate officials began seizing branches of

federal mint, arsenals, and military outposts.federal mint, arsenals, and military outposts. In a last ditch effort to avoid war between the states, In a last ditch effort to avoid war between the states,

Secretary of State Seward suggested a united effort Secretary of State Seward suggested a united effort of threatening war against Spain and France for of threatening war against Spain and France for interfering in Mexico and the Caribbean. interfering in Mexico and the Caribbean.

In 1861, at Fort Sumter, a federal outpost in In 1861, at Fort Sumter, a federal outpost in Charleston South Carolina, was attacked by Charleston South Carolina, was attacked by Confederate troops, which began the Civil War.Confederate troops, which began the Civil War.

Fort SumterFort Sumter Fort Sumter controlled the entrance of Charleston Fort Sumter controlled the entrance of Charleston

HarborHarbor– Confederates ringed the harbor with heavy guns.Confederates ringed the harbor with heavy guns.– Confederates demanded that the federal troops evacuate.Confederates demanded that the federal troops evacuate.– Major Robert Anderson refusedMajor Robert Anderson refused

Before sunrise on April 12, 1861, Confederate Before sunrise on April 12, 1861, Confederate guns opened fire on Fort Sumter.guns opened fire on Fort Sumter.

A witness wrote that the first shots brought “every A witness wrote that the first shots brought “every soldier in the harbor to his feet, and every man, soldier in the harbor to his feet, and every man, woman, and child in the city of Charleston from woman, and child in the city of Charleston from their beds.” their beds.”

The Civil war had begun.The Civil war had begun.

Lincoln’s reactionLincoln’s reaction

The Fall of Fort Sumter stunned the North.The Fall of Fort Sumter stunned the North. Lincoln declared the South to be in a state of Lincoln declared the South to be in a state of

rebellion and asked state governors for 75,000 rebellion and asked state governors for 75,000 militiamen to put down the rebellion.militiamen to put down the rebellion.

State now had to choose would they stay or State now had to choose would they stay or secede?secede?

Senator Stephen Douglas: “There can be no Senator Stephen Douglas: “There can be no neutrals in this war only patriots – or traitors.”neutrals in this war only patriots – or traitors.”

Border StatesBorder States

Wedged between the North and the South Wedged between the North and the South were the key border states of Delaware, were the key border states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri – slave Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri – slave states that did not join the Confederacy.states that did not join the Confederacy.

People in the border states were deeply People in the border states were deeply divided on the war.divided on the war.

Lincoln’s wife Mary Todd, had four Lincoln’s wife Mary Todd, had four brothers from Kentucky who fought for the brothers from Kentucky who fought for the Confederacy.Confederacy.

Northern v. Southern ResourcesNorthern v. Southern Resources North AdvantagesNorth Advantages

– Population 22 million could draw more soldiers and workersPopulation 22 million could draw more soldiers and workers– South had 5.5 million to draw fromSouth had 5.5 million to draw from– North network of roads, railroads, and canalsNorth network of roads, railroads, and canals– 22,000 miles of railroad lines could move supplies throughout 22,000 miles of railroad lines could move supplies throughout

the North.the North.– South had only 9,000 milesSouth had only 9,000 miles

To supply the military, production of coal, iron, wheat, and wool To supply the military, production of coal, iron, wheat, and wool increased. increased.

Also the export of corn, wheat, beef and pork to Europe doubled.Also the export of corn, wheat, beef and pork to Europe doubled. Export of resources in the South decreased because of the Union Export of resources in the South decreased because of the Union

blockade.blockade. Union had money, an already established economy, and banking Union had money, an already established economy, and banking

system.system. The South started printing its own Confederate dollars. Some states The South started printing its own Confederate dollars. Some states

printed their own money, which led to financial chaos.printed their own money, which led to financial chaos.

Taking advantageTaking advantage

Winfield Scott developed a two-part Winfield Scott developed a two-part strategy:strategy:– 1.) destroy the South’s economy with a naval 1.) destroy the South’s economy with a naval

blockade of southern ports;blockade of southern ports;– 2.) gain control of the Mississippi River to 2.) gain control of the Mississippi River to

divide the South. divide the South. Other leaders urged an attack on Richmond, Other leaders urged an attack on Richmond,

Virginia, the Confederate capital.Virginia, the Confederate capital.

Southern ResourcesSouthern Resources Strong military traditionStrong military tradition

– Brilliant officersBrilliant officers

– StrategyStrategy

– Defend itself until the North grew tired of fightingDefend itself until the North grew tired of fighting

– Union Army would have to travel and maintain long supply linesUnion Army would have to travel and maintain long supply lines

– Southerners were familiar with the landSoutherners were familiar with the land

South wanted to wear down the North and capture South wanted to wear down the North and capture Washington D.C.Washington D.C.

Confederate president Jefferson Davis also tried to win Confederate president Jefferson Davis also tried to win foreign allies through cotton diplomacy.foreign allies through cotton diplomacy.

This was the idea that Great Britain would support the This was the idea that Great Britain would support the Confederacy because it needed the South’s raw cotton to Confederacy because it needed the South’s raw cotton to supply its booming textile industrysupply its booming textile industry

Copy the Graph Copy the Graph

Resources of the North and SouthResources of the North and South Please copy the graph into your notes Please copy the graph into your notes Use colorUse color