Chpter 16.

Culture- society’s personality. Values and ethics. Objects and services that are produced and valued by people. Shared meanings, rituals, norms(rules dictating right wrong, acceptable or not behavior. Enacted=explicity decided upon. Crescive=embedded and discovered), and traditions.

Crescive Norms- custom(basic behaviors from history. i.e. ceremonies and division of labor) , more (custom with a strong moral overtone. i.e. taboo, incest.), conventions (conduct of everyday life with subtleties. i.e. correct way to wear clothes)

Rituals- Products that provides benefits consistent with those desired due to culture has better chance to be accepted by marketplace.

2 way street. P&S that resonate with priorities of culture=higher acceptance. New innovations in product design produced by culture (window into cultural ideals at that time).

Culture AspectsEcology-way P&S adapted to its habitat.Social structure- way in which social life is maintained. Ideology-mental characteristics of people and way they relate to environment and social groups. (common world-view—share certain ideas about order, fairness, ethos(moral aesthetic principles).

Power Distance- interpersonal relationship with different power levels.Uncertainty- comfort in uncertain and risk conditionsMasculinity/Femininity-degree to which gender roles are defined.Individualism- individual versus collective that is value.

Myths- story containing symbolic elements that express the shared emotions and ideal of a culture. Provides moral guide. Metaphysical-origins of existenceCosmological-universe part of a single pictureSocialogoical-social code Psychological-personal conductMonomyths- myths common to many cultures.

Rituals-symbolic behaviors that occur in fixed sequence and tend to be repeated periodically.Ritual Artifacts- items used in performance of rituals.Rites of Passage-speical times marked by a change in social status. Seepartation(detached from original) , Liminality(in between statuses), Aggregation(re-enters society after experience)

Scared(set apart form normal activites and treated with respect)Profane(ordinary, everday)

Sacred Places-religoious or because commemorate some aspect of country’s heritage. Stonehenge, palace, Disneyland, home.Sacred people-idolized and set apart from masses.Sacred events-sports, tourism.

Desacratization-sacred item is removed from its special place or duplicated into mass quantities.

Sacralization- ordinary objects, events, people take on sacred meaning. Objectification- sacrediness attributed to mundane items. Contamination-objects associated with sacred events also become.