chapter 15 the civil war section 2 the first battle of bull run
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 15THE CIVIL WAR
Section 2
THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN
“You are green, it is true, but they are green also; you are all green alike.” President Abraham Lincoln
First Battle of Bull Run
•The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, took place on July 21, 1861.
•First battle of the Civil War. •General McDowell lead the
Northern Troops •General Beauregard lead the
Southern Troops.
The Washingtonians were so sure the battle would be short, that they packed a picnic lunch to eat on the nearby hilltop.
This poster Illustrates such a picnic, as well as, the flags of the North and South.
First Battle of Bull Run• July 21st 1861 Lincoln
sent McDowell and 35,000 barely trained troops south to the Confederate capital of Richmond
• 22,000 troops under the command of Beauregard were waiting for McDowell along a creek called Bull Run
First Battle of Bull Run• For two days, Union troops tried to find a
way around Beauregard to get to Richmond
• Beauregard called for assistance and Gen. Johnston arrived with 10,000 more troops
• They met the morning of July 21 and Union forces drove back the Confederate line
• One Confederate line held firm
“There stands Jackson like a stone wall! Rally behind the
Virginians!”
First Battle of Bull Run• Confederate troops began to rally and
push Union troops back• After 10 hours of fighting, weary Union
troops gave up and retreated towards Washington, D.C.
• The roads were flooded with the carriages of picnickers and the Union army descended into chaos
Results of the BattleResults of the BattleThomas Jackson earned the nickname Thomas Jackson earned the nickname “Stonewall”.“Stonewall”.Union suffered 3,000 casualtiesUnion suffered 3,000 casualtiesConfederates suffered 2,000 casualtiesConfederates suffered 2,000 casualtiesLincoln replaced McDowell with George Lincoln replaced McDowell with George B. McClellan.B. McClellan.Shattered the North’s hopes of winning Shattered the North’s hopes of winning the war quickly.the war quickly.
Chapter 15THE CIVIL WAR
Section 2
SEVEN DAYS’ BATTLES
SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN
ANTIETAM
*George McClellan*George McClellan – – appointed commander of the appointed commander of the Union army of the East Union army of the East (a.k.a. the Army of the (a.k.a. the Army of the Potomac).Potomac). Transformed Transformed inexperienced troops into inexperienced troops into soldiers; however, he was soldiers; however, he was too cautious. He became a too cautious. He became a national joke when national joke when newspapers repeatedly newspapers repeatedly reported, “all quiet along the reported, “all quiet along the Potomac.”Potomac.”
War in the East: 1861-1862
Seven Days’ Battles
• McClellan leads the Army of the Potomac south to attack Richmond
• On June 26, 1862 Lee attacks McClellan and over seven days forces the Union army to retreat from near Richmond
Second Battle of Bull Run• Frustrated, Lincoln
orders Gen. Pope to attack Richmond
• “Stonewall” Jackson met Pope’s army August of 1862 for the three day long Second Battle of Bull Run
• The Confederates win again
Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the
War”War”
Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the
War”War”
23,00023,000 casualtiescasualties
23,00023,000 casualtiescasualties
September 17, September 17, 18621862September 17, September 17, 18621862
AfterAfter—Confederate —Confederate dead on the dead on the Hagerstown RoadHagerstown Road
Battle of Antietam – one of two Civil War battles fought in the North (at Antietam, Maryland). Confederate’s goal is to convince Maryland to join the Confederacy. Union soldiers find a copy of Lee’s battle plan to attack Harper’s Ferry and McClellan plans a counterattack.
Antietam CreekAntietam Creek......
Battle of Antietam - The two armies clash along Antietam Creek on September 17, 1862. By end of day over 23,000 casualties. Lee lost 1/4 of his army.
AfterAfter—Confederate dead —Confederate dead on the Hagerstown Roadon the Hagerstown Road
DuringDuring the battle... the battle...
Battle of Antietam - More soldiers were killed and wounded at the Battle of Antietam than the deaths of ALL Americans in the Am. Rev., War of 1812, and Mexican-American War COMBINED.
AfterAfter - dead near Little - dead near Little Dunker ChurchDunker Church
AfterAfter- dead in Antietam - dead in Antietam CreekCreek
Results –
• 12,410 Union deaths
• 10,700 Confederates deaths
• After many attempts to make McClellan move, Lincoln fires McClellan
• Lee did not achieve goals of bringing Maryland into the Confederacy or invading the North successfully
• Lincoln views Antietam as a win and starts to prepare his Emancipation Proclamation--> free all slaves in Confederacy
LincolnLincoln fires McClellan... fires McClellan...
Chapter 15THE CIVIL WAR
Section 2
UNION BLOCKADE
MONITOR VS. VIRGINIA
North’sNorth’sCivil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:
““AnacondaAnaconda””
Plan -->Plan -->
North’sNorth’sCivil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:
““AnacondaAnaconda””
Plan -->Plan -->The North’s plan to cut off supplies to the South through naval blockades.
The “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” Plan
Snake around the South’s coast
Squeeze the South’s economy
Confederate Blockade Runners• Confederates
used small, fast ships to outrun Union Warships. Most traveled to Bahamas for supplies.
• Before blockade: 6,000 ships per yr. at port
• After blockade: 800 ships per yr. at portIs the Anaconda Plan working so far?
**MerrimackMerrimack – – abandoned abandoned Union ship Union ship that that ConfederateConfederates covered s covered with iron with iron plates and plates and re-re-commissionecommissioned as d as CSS CSS VirginiaVirginia..
Monitor – one of the Union’s metal ships that outmaneuvered the CSS Virginia (Union Merrimack).
Gun Gun TurreTurre
tt
The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,
March, 1862March, 1862
The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,
March, 1862March, 1862The Monitor
vs.the Virginia
The Monitor vs.
the Virginia
Monitor vs. Virginia• March 1862- The Virginia was
sinking Union wooden warships in Hampton Roads, Virginia
• Monitor met the Virginia in Hampton Roads
• Fought for several hours, neither received serious damage, but the Virginia retreated
• The days of wooden warships were over!!!
Damage on the Deck of the Damage on the Deck of the MonitorMonitor
Damage on the Deck of the Damage on the Deck of the MonitorMonitor