chapter 15: cardiac emergencies
DESCRIPTION
Objectives Describe structure and function of the cardiovascular system (heart, blood vessels, and blood) Describe the emergency care of patient experiencing chest pain Management protocol for OECTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 15: Cardiac Emergencies
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Objectives • Describe structure and function of the
cardiovascular system (heart, blood vessels, and blood)
• Describe the emergency care of patient experiencing chest pain
• Management protocol for OEC
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Blood vessels• Arteries, Veins, Capillaries • Which brings blood to the heart?• Which brings blood from the heart?• Which connects them?
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Blood• Red blood cells:
• Carries oxygen to tissues and cells
• Removes CO2 and waste• White blood cells:
• Fight infection• Platelets:
• Helps blood clot
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Blood Flow Through the Heart
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Key Terms • Angina pectoris• Ischemia• Myocardial Infarction• Pericarditis • Atherosclerosis• Hypertension• Congestive heart failure
o Pulmonary edema • Aortic aneurysm
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Pericarditis vs. Pericardial tamponade • TIME • Excess fluid build up in pericardial sac
o applies external pressure to the heart preventing adequate filling of the heart with blood
o restricts hearts ability to pump effectively Biggest symptom?
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Angina PectorisChest pain or discomfort caused by ischemia of myocardium Two common causes:
narrowing of heart musclespasm of coronary artery
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Name that Arrhythmia
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Which is Which?• A. chaotic and ineffective contraction of the
ventricles that leads to cardiac arrest
• B. rapid contraction of ventricles that lead to ineffective blood flow to body tissues that leads to cardiac arrest
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What is the difference?
thromboembolism
Aortic aneurysm
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Signs and Symptoms • Shortness of breath• Signs of inadequate perfusion• Chest pain, pressure, or discomfort (with or
without radiation to back, neck, jaw, arm, wrists)• Nausea• Weakness/syncope• Dysrhythmias• Chest pain/discomfort
o Often crushing or squeezingo Does not change with each breath
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What to look out for o Diaphoresis (78%)o Shortness of Breath (47%)o Pain/discomfort (64%)o Nausea/vomiting (52%)o No signs or symptoms (25%)
• N Eng Journal Med 1984;311:11444-7
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Cardiogenic Shock• Hypoperfusion• Caused by disorders of heart muscle, valves,
conduction system• Infarction= muscle doesn’t contract • Hypoxia
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NitroglycerinInstruct patient to put tablet under tongue and let dissolve
May administer total of three doses at five min intervals • when cant you use:
o Expiration date o Systolic lower than 100mg o Taking Viagrao Patient has already taken three doseso Patient took cocaine o Chest pain is due to trauma
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Management• BSI scene safety• ABC• Secondary- sample pay close attention to
medications including nitroglycerin or aspirin • Look for:
o Body positiono skin signs and color o respiratory rate and effort o mental status o pulse rate and character
• OPQRST: What questions are we asking?
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• https://quizlet.com/97897026/chapter-fifteen-flash-cards/