chapter 15
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 15
The ISO at Hazmat Incidents
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Objectives
• List the federal regulations that may have an impact on ISO functions at hazmat incidents
• Define the reporting structure for an ASO-HM at a hazmat tech-level incident
• Define the two overriding risks that the ISO must evaluate at hazmat incidents
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Objectives (con’t.)
• List the four control zones that need to be established at tech-level hazmat incidents
• List the three hazmat rehab components that require close evaluation
• List the ten federal-level components of a hazmat response site safety plan and five hazmat ancillary plans that may require ISO-signoff
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Objectives (con’t.)
• List five or more alarming hazards at a clandestine drug lab incident
• List and describe the three strategic goals for the safety section at a WMD/terrorist incident
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Introduction• Hazmat incidents: most regulated of all
incidents to which fire departments respond– ISO assignment at a hazmat technician-level
incident is mandatory– ISO should be aware of CFRs regarding
hazmat incidents– If ISO does not have required technician
competencies (NFPA 472), an ASO-HM should be appointed
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Introduction (con’t.)
• Assistant safety office-hazmat (ASO-HM)– Meets or exceeds NFPA 472 requirements for
Hazardous Materials Technician– Trained in ISO responsibilities as they relate to
hazmat response– Fulfills safety functions for technician-level
components of incident– Works with ISO, hazmat directors, technical
specialists, and industry representatives
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Figure 15-1 The ASO-HM may actually be working with three or more persons.
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ISO General Duties at the Hazmat Incident
• Be familiar with NFPA 471: Recommended Practices for Responding to Hazardous Materials Incidents
• Ensure initial zone and isolation efforts are in place upon arrival and assignment
• Take a strategic approach– Interface with other command staff members– Maintain position at command post
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Monitoring Issues at Hazmat Incidents
• Risk– Liability: is hazmat team entry warranted?– Risk communication: established risk
guidelines
• Operational effectiveness– Rely on ASO-HM to evaluate technician
operations– Other ASOs evaluate support activities– Preplan action plan prior to operations
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Personal Safety System Issues at Hazmat Incidents
• Accountability systems– Two systems: hazmat team and support
responders– Encourage cross-communication– ISO deals with strategic accountability– ASOs deal with tactical accountability
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Personal Safety System Issues Hazmat Incidents (con’t.)
• Control zones– IDLH zone– No-entry zone (including collapse zone)– Support zone– Contamination reduction zone
• Decontamination takes place• Safe refuge area for contaminated persons who
have left the IDLH zone
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Figure 15-3 Simple diagrams can help responders understand zone areas and travel paths.
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Personal Safety System Issues Hazmat Incidents (con’t.)
• Control zones (con’t.)– Use simple diagrams that include travel
pathways and gateways between zones– ASO-HMs should verify appropriate level of
PPE in each zone– Personnel moving from one zone to another
should follow prescribed pathway– Check personnel before leaving contamination
zone
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Personal Safety System Issues Hazmat Incidents (con’t.)
• Radio Transmissions– Multiple radio types and frequencies– Backup communication systems
• Hand signals• Message boards• Tag-line signals• Spontaneous system on-scene for specific needs
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Personal Safety System Issues Hazmat Incidents (con’t.)
• Rehab– Medical monitoring
• Establish baseline before technician stabilization efforts
– Sanitation needs• Best hazard mitigation approach is separation
– Food service• Distance from working areas• Cleanliness (further decon)
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Defining Other Needs at Hazmat Incidents
• Traffic– Roadway, railway, air, and waterway: basic
approach to traffic issues is to get rid of them– For people, define:
• Specific shuttle pathways• Escape zones• Zone transition gateways
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Defining Other Needs at Hazmat Incidents (con’t.)
• Need for ISO assistance• ASO-HM• One or more ASOs• Technical specialists• Corporate risk managers• Process experts• Public health representatives• Department HSO or infection control officer
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Applying the ISO Action Model at Hazmat Incidents
• Risk evaluation at the hazmat incident– ISO and ASO-HM must strive to agree on
overall risk profile– ISO may need to communicate an acceptable
risk profile to nonfire service personnel– Pace: slow, methodical, and intellectual
approach
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Figure 15-4 A slow, methodical, and intellectual approach is the best pace for hazmat incidents.
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Applying the ISO Action Model at Hazmat Incidents (con’t.)
• Recon evaluation at the hazmat incident– Confirm initial zoning and isolation upon arrival
and assignment– Verify that defined zones and gateways are
appropriate– ASO-HM should consult a technical reference
specialist as necessary
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Applying the ISO Action Model at Hazmat Incidents (con’t.)
• Recon evaluation (con’t.)– Define the principal hazard
• Dictated by the chemical involved
– Define environmental integrity• Weather, infrastructure stability, container condition,
hazardous energy
– Define physical surroundings• Location defines impact of surroundings
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Applying the ISO Action Model at Hazmat Incidents (con’t.)
• Recon evaluation (con’t.)– Crew exposure to hazards
• Physical hazards +- Chemical properties + Crew mitigation efforts = Crew hazard exposure
• ASO-HM in best position to evaluate tools, teams, and rapid withdrawal factors
• Rapid intervention is far from rapid at hazmat incidents: ensure clear direction for activation
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Applying the ISO Action Model at Hazmat Incidents (con’t.)
• Resource evaluation at the hazmat incident– Time
• On-scene time may not be practical: manage impacts of time passage
• Reflex time for any unplanned event is delayed
– Personnel• Determine adequate training for task
– Equipment• May need on-the-spot training for specialized
equipment
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Applying the ISO Action Model at Hazmat Incidents (con’t.)
• Report issues at the hazmat incident– Tech-level stabilization effort requires formal
delivery and development of• Written site safety plan• Safety briefings
– 15-minute rule for face-to-face communication is impractical
• Keep unit log for documentation• Hazmat documentation not subject to statute of
limitations
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Applying the ISO Action Model at Hazmat Incidents (con’t.)
• Report issues (con’t.)– Federal requirements for site safety plan
include:• Safety, health, and hazard risk analysis• Site organization• Identification of PPE type required for task• Medical monitoring procedures• Environmental monitoring and sampling procedures• Site control measures
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Applying the ISO Action Model at Hazmat Incidents (con’t.)
• Report issues (con’t.)– Federal requirements for site safety plan
(con’t):• Decontamination procedures• Predefined responder emergency plans• Confined space entry and escape procedures• Spill containment and handling procedures
– ISO/ASO-HM may also have to sign off on numerous other hazmat incident plans
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Unique Considerations at the Hazmat Incident
• Clandestine drug labs– Hazards
• Poor ventilation• Flammable/toxic atmospheres• Incompatible chemicals• Chemical reactions in progress• Unidentified chemicals and/or containers• Unstable and/or leaking containers• Booby traps
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Unique Considerations at the Hazmat Incident (con’t.)
• Weapons of mass destruction– Develop local WMD plan that addresses ISO
functions until IMT takes over – ISO initially coordinates:
• Quick in/quick out approach for immediate rescues• Adopt a back off posture after rescue• Isolation of victims and exposed firefighters• Staging out of sight as much as possible
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Unique Considerations at the Hazmat Incident (con’t.)
• Weapons of mass destruction (con’t.)– Strategic goals of ISO and ASOs
• Gather RECON and threat information• Analyze options: lean towards the worst case• Develop a safety action plan across organizational
boundaries• Expand role into manageable parts• Address health and safety issues prior to IMT arrival
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Figure 15-5 Expanding the ISO function into units can help at WMD incidents. ISO units are not currently NIMS compliant.
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Summary
• Hazardous materials incidents require specialized training– ISO oversees and addresses general duties– ASO-HM focuses on technician-level issues
• Issues at hazmat incidents– Proper training– Communication to nonfire service responders– Control zones: contamination reduction zone
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Summary (con’t.)• Issues at hazmat incidents (con’t.)
– Medical evaluation before operations– Separation of sanitation and food areas
• ISO action model at hazmat incidents– Reporting is a significant effort: federally
mandated site safety plan
• Unique hazmat considerations– Clandestine labs– WMD incidents