chapter 14 values and beliefs copyright © 2012, 2008 by mosby, inc., an affiliate of elsevier inc....

Chapter 14

Values and Beliefs

Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1

Lesson 14.1


Objectives

Discuss the impact of personal values and beliefs on everyday life.

Identify values and beliefs commonly found in today’s older adult population.

Discuss how beliefs and values affect the health practices of older adults.

Explain the relationship of values and beliefs to health practices.

Compare the spiritual practices of major religions as they relate to death.


Values and Beliefs

Values and beliefs have their origins in the individual’s religion, philosophy, family, culture, and society

Affect all aspects of our lives and play an important role in promoting health and coping with illness

Many experts believe that most of our values are well-established by the time we reach 10 years of age


Values and Beliefs (cont.)

People see the world through their own value and belief structure and use this structure as a filter by which they judge other people and events

Misunderstanding and conflict often occur when people with two different or contradictory sets of values interact


Common Values and Beliefs of Older Adults


Economic Values

Many of today’s older adults were strongly affected by the Depression of the 1930s

They were taught the value of a dollar and to “waste not, want not”

May experience intense feelings of shame if forced to accept charity


Economic Values (cont.)

May save or hoard items, even items that present health hazards, because they value saving rather than wasting

May store an excessive number of personal belongings and clutter up their homes until these belongings become a safety hazard

May refuse to see a doctor or wait until they are seriously ill because they are concerned about the cost


Audience Response SystemQuestion 1

Older adults grew up in a more affluent world and are more likely to value material possession and spend rather than save.

A.True

B.False


Intrapersonal Values

Many older adults were raised valuing respect and obedience to elders

They often cannot understand why their families do not automatically accept what they say and follow their directions

The more divergent the values of the various family members, the more likely there are to be misunderstandings and conflict


Cultural Values

Shared cultural values define an authority structure, establish norms for language and communication, and establish a basis for decision making and lifestyle choices

A heterogeneity of cultures creates a vibrant and dynamic society, but also creates many opportunities for prejudice and misunderstanding


Cultural Values (cont.)

Many older adults have lived in this country for years but still identify more with their ethnic group or country of origin than with the dominant society


Spiritual or Religious Values

Spirituality is based on a recognition that there is a relationship between the person and a transcendent supreme being, life force, ultimate reality, or undefined something that is greater than ourselves

These beliefs give meaning to life and to all the positive and negative experiences that occur during a lifetime


Spiritual or Religious Values (cont.)

Many of today’s older adults were raised in an organized religion that played an important role in the formulation of their values and beliefs


Residents Attend a Religious Service



Sociologists have suggested that because the United States is made up of many different and unique peoples mixed together, it should be called a(n):

A.upside down cake.

B.fruit salad.

C.mincemeat pie.

D.melted chocolate bar.


Lesson 14.2


Objectives

Describe methods of assessing beliefs and values.

Identify older adults who are most at risk for experiencing problems related to values and beliefs.

Identify selected nursing diagnoses related to values or beliefs.

Describe nursing interventions appropriate for older individuals who are experiencing problems related to values or beliefs.


Nursing Process for Spiritual Distress


Assessment

What is the person’s cultural background? Does the person have any specific cultural or

religious beliefs related to health? Is religion or belief in a deity a significant

factor in the person’s life? Does the person attend religious services

regularly? What is the person’s religious denomination,

sect, church, etc.?


Assessment (cont.)

Does the person have a preferred spiritual counselor? Does he or she see this person regularly?

Is the person interested in talking to a priest, minister, rabbi, or other spiritual advisor?

What religious books or symbols are meaningful to the person?

Has aging or illness had an impact on the person’s beliefs, values, or spiritual practices?


Nursing Diagnosis

Spiritual distress


Nursing Goals/Outcomes

Identify and verbalize sources of value conflicts

Specify the spiritual assistance desired Discuss values and beliefs regarding spiritual

practices Express feelings of spiritual comfort


Nursing Interventions

Determine whether there are special spiritual practices and/or restrictions

Identify significant persons who provide spiritual support

Determine whether there is any way that nurses can aid older adults in meeting their spiritual needs

Provide opportunities for the person to express spiritual needs and concerns


Nursing Interventions (cont.)

Determine spiritual objects that have meaning to the person; obtain these objects, if possible

Provide opportunities for spiritual guidance with due respect for privacy

Encourage contact with a spiritual counselor in times of crisis


A Mosque



Severe grief can result in questioning of:

A.spiritual values.

B.family relationships.

C.health needs.

D.cultural beliefs.


chapter 14 values and beliefs copyright © 2012, 2008 by mosby, inc., an affiliate of elsevier inc....

Documents

affiliate of elsevier

common values

relationship of values

economic values cont

impact of personal values

beliefs cont

todays older adult population

present health hazards