Chapter Review

482 Unit 4: Ecology and Resources

Society depends on natural resources for energy and materials.

KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY

VOCABULARYnatural resource p. 449renewable resource p. 450

nonrenewable resource p. 450

fossil fuel p. 452

VOCABULARYconservation p. 467recycling p. 468

VOCABULARYhydroelectric energyp. 472

geothermal energyp. 473

solar cell p. 475biomass p. 476hydrogen fuel cellp. 476

nuclear energy p. 477

Natural resources support human activity.

Resources can be conserved and recycled.

Resources can be converted to useful forms.

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3

Chapter Review

CONTENT REVIEWCLASSZONE.COM

People can conserve natural resourcesby reducing waste at the source andreusing products.

Recycling helps people recover materials,reduce the use of fossil fuels, and pro-tect the environment and human health.

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Renewable Resources• Sunlight• Wind• Water• Trees, other plants• Plant and animal waste

Nonrenewable Resources• Coal• Oil, natural gas• Uranium• Minerals, rocks

Energy

ElectricalEnergy

Solar cells

Hydroelectricdams

Nuclearpower plants

Biomassstations

Hydrogenfuel cells

Geothermalplants

Wind farms

VOCABULARYore p. 462

Minerals and rocks arenonrenewableresources.

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Minerals havemany uses.

Technology

Industry

copper

Arts

CHAPTER 13 • REVIEW

Technology ResourcesTechnology Resources

Have students visit ClassZone.com or use theCD-ROM for a cumulative review of concepts.

CONTENT REVIEW

CONTENT REVIEW CD-ROM

Engage students in a whole-class interactivereview of Key Concepts. Edit content as you wish.

POWER PRESENTATIONS

BACK TO

Tell students to suppose that they hadlived in the year 1803. In terms of natu-ral resource use, how would their liveshave been different than they are now?Fossil fuels weren’t widely used then,so heat might have come from wood,and lighting from candles. Plastics didn’t exist, so many of the items usedtoday wouldn’t have been around.Clothes would have been homemade.People would have used horses andboats for travel.

KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY SECTION 13.1 Ask: Is a nonrenewable resource a natu-ral resource or a human-made resource?natural resource

Ask: What are renewable resources and nonrenewable resources used for?energy and products

SECTION 13.2 Ask: What three uses of copper are illus-trated? electric wiring, piping, sculpture

Ask: When can minerals form in nature?Minerals can form when water evapo-rates, organisms form shells and bones,hot water cools, molten rock cools, andheat and pressure cause changes.

SECTION 13.3 Ask: What are the recyclable itemsshown in the photograph, and what are they made of? aluminum cans and plastic bottles

Ask: What ways can people conserveresources to reduce the amount ofgarbage they throw away? reuse prod-ucts, donate items to a charity insteadof throwing them out, buy productsthat use less packaging

SECTION 13.4 Ask: Which one form of energy shownin the diagram is nonrenewable? nuclear

Review Concepts• Big Idea Flow Chart, p. T97• Chapter Outline, pp. T103–T104

T

482 Unit 4: Ecology and Resources

Reviewing Vocabulary1. any energy resource, organism, or

substance found in nature that peo-ple use

2. a natural resource that can bereplaced in nature at about thesame rate it is used

3. a natural resource that exists in afixed amount or that is used upfaster than it can be replaced innature

4. a nonrenewable energy sourcemade from once-living plants andanimals that were buried in Earth’scrust for millions of years

5. an alternative energy source thatcomes from splitting uranium atoms

6. energy that comes from usingEarth’s heat in the crust

Reviewing Key Concepts7. d

8. b

9. c

10. b

11. d

12. c

13. d

14. c

15. d

16. b

17. c

18. Supplies of fossil fuels are runningout. Also, renewable energy sourceswill reduce the amount of air,water, and soil pollution releasedinto the environment.

19. It can help make limited resourceslast longer by reducing waste andreusing products instead of buyingnew ones.

20. It takes less fossil-fuel generatedelectricity to make products fromrecycled materials than to makenew products.

Chapter 13: Natural Resources 483

11. Which of the following is not a problem associated with the use of fossil fuels? (6.6.a)

a. air pollution c. limited supply

b. explosions d. radioactivity

12. Which category of products is the most dependent on oil? (6.6.c)

a. pottery c. plastics

b. coins d. paper

13. How do nuclear power plants generate theheat energy to turn water into steam? (6.3.a)

a. by drawing hot water from Earth’s crust

b. by producing an electric current

c. by turning a turbine

d. by splitting uranium atoms

14. Hydroelectric energy is produced by using (6.3.a)

a. wind c. moving water

b. sunlight d. living matter

15. Solar cells produce which of the following? (6.3.a)

a. heat energy c. radioactivity

b. steam d. electricity

16. What limits the use of biomass liquid fuels?(6.6.a)

a. not enough plant material

b. too expensive to mass-produce

c. not enough energy generated

d. too many harmful byproducts

17. Open-pit mining is used to obtain ores that lie (6.6.a)

a. under flat land

b. deep in Earth’s crust

c. near the surface of Earth

d. in riverbeds

Short Answer Write a few sentences toanswer each question.

18. Why is it important to find renewable sources of energy? (6.6.b)

19. Why is conservation of natural resourcesimportant? (6.6.b)

20. How can recycling help reduce the use of fossil fuels? (6.6.a)

Reviewing Vocabulary

Copy the chart below, and write each word’sdefinition. Use the meaning of the underlinedword part to help you.

Reviewing Key Concepts

Multiple Choice Choose the letter of the best answer.

7. What makes wind a renewable resource? (6.6.b)

a. no pollution c. no waste products

b. varied speeds d. unlimited supply

8. Which of the following is a nonrenewableresource? (6.6.b)

a. trees c. sunlight

b. oil d. geothermal energy

9. Fossil fuels provide most of the energy used inthe United States because they (6.6.a)

a. are found everywhere in the world

b. have no harmful byproducts

c. are easy to transport and burn

d. can be quickly replaced in nature

10. Diamonds are often used as (6.6.c)

a. pigments c. ores

b. abrasives d. metals

Word

1. Natural resource

2. Renewableresource

3. Nonrenewableresource

4. Fossil fuel

5. Nuclearenergy

6. Geothermalenergy

Meaning of Part

to rise again

to refresh

not to refresh

material that burns

nut or kernel

heat

Definition

ASSESSMENT BOOK• Chapter Test A, pp. 293–296• Chapter Test B, pp. 297–300• Chapter Test C, pp. 301–304• Alternative Assessment, pp. 305–306

STANDARDS REVIEW AND PRACTICE,pp. 23–24, 51–58, 61–62

A

ASSESSMENT RESOURCES

Technology ResourcesTechnology Resources

Edit test items and answer choices.

Test Generator CD-ROM

Visit ClassZone.com to extend test practice.

Test Practice

Chapter 13 483

Thinking Critically21. nonrenewable: red, blue, green

renewable: purple, orange, aqua,yellow

22. Region A: 75%, Region B: 50%

23. Region B because 50% of its energycomes from renewable resources

24. It may have few natural renewableresources and must rely on fossilfuels for most of its energy.

25. Region A: climate is sunny but notwindy; Region B: climate is morewindy but with fewer sunny days

26. Region B might have rivers

27. Circle graph should show 50% fossilfuels, a small % of solar energy,and the rest divided between bio-mass and wind energy.

Charting Information28. fission

29. smog, acid rain, other pollution

30. wind

31. flowing water; none

32. solar cells; none

33. biomass

34. electrons; water, heat

35. APPLY Students should list ways toobtain energy from renewable andnonrenewable sources.

36. SYNTHESIZE Possible criteria: non-polluting, renewable, cheap to massproduce, provide a lot of energy,and usable in power plants, homes,and vehicles.

37. APPLY Possible answers: encouragepeople to reuse products, sponsorflea markets and rummage sales to reuse items, show people how to save energy at home, requirecarpools.

Collect schedules, materials lists, andquestions. Be sure dates and materialsare obtainable, and questions arefocused.

Unit Projects, pp. 5–10R

484 Unit 4: Ecology and Resources

Thinking Critically

Use the circle graphs below to answer the following questions.

21. INTERPRET Which colors represent nonrenew-able resources and which ones representrenewable resources? (6.6.b)

22. CALCULATE Fossil fuels and nuclear energy to-gether represent about what percentage of thetotal energy resources in region A? in region B?(6.6.a)

23. PREDICT If the price of nonrenewable energysources rises sharply, which region is likely to beaffected more? Why? (6.6.b)

24. DRAW CONCLUSIONS What might be one rea-son that region A uses a greater percentage offossil fuels and nuclear energy than region Bdoes? (6.6.a)

25. INFER Look at the renewable energy sourcesused in each region. What can you infer aboutthe climate in region A compared with the climate in region B? (6.6.b)

26. IDENTIFY CAUSES Why might region B use somuch more hydroelectric energy? (6.6.a)

27. SYNTHESIZE Region C gets half of its electricalenergy from fossil fuels. The region has only100 days of clear sunlight a year but has abun-dant plant crops and strong, steady winds.Draw a circle graph for region C, showing thepercentage of fossil fuels and the percentageof each renewable energy source the regionmight use. Explain your choices. (6.6.b)

Charting Information

Copy and fill in this chart.

35. APPLY Look again at the photograph on pages 446–447. Reread the question on thephotograph. Now that you have finished thechapter, what would you add to or changeabout your answer? (6.6.b)

36. SYNTHESIZE Imagine that you are a scientist or engineer who is developing a new energysource. What characteristics would you wantyour energy source to have? List your choicesin order of importance, with the most importantfirst—for instance, nonpolluting, inexpensiveto mass-produce, and so on. (6.6.a)

37. APPLY If you were in charge of your town or city, what measures would you take to conserve natural resources? (6.6.b)

If you need to create graphs or other visuals foryour project, be sure you have graph paper, posterboard, markers, and other supplies.

Energy Source

28. uranium

29. fossil fuel

30.

31. river

32. sunlight

33.

34. hydrogen

Produces Energy From

burning oil, coal

moving air

burning wood

Byproducts

radioactive waste

none

carbon dioxide

Energy Sources

Region A Region B

OilCoalNuclear

HydroelectricSolar

BiomassWind

MONITOR AND RETEACH

If students have trouble applying the concepts in items 21–27, remind them that

• the United States gets most of its energy from fossil fuel;

• fossil fuels are nonrenewable.

Students may benefit from summarizing one or more sections of the chapter.

Summarizing the Chapter, pp. 211–212R

484 Unit 4: Ecology and Resources