chapter 12 the north. essential questions how did the industrial revolution transform the way goods...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 12
The North
Essential Questions
• How did the Industrial Revolution transform the way goods were produced?
• How did new forms of transportation improve business, travel, and communication?
I. The Industrial Revolution
• Beginning of 1700s, most people were farmers and made goods by hand – changed by mid 1700s
• Industrial Revolution: a period of rapid growth in using machines for manufacturing and production– Textiles:
New Machines and Processes
• British Parliament made it illegal for machine plans to leave country
• Samuel Slater: British mechanic who memorized every detail of textile mill machines – 1793 opened first mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island
A Manufacturing Breakthrough
• Technology: tools used to produce items or to do work
• Eli Whitney: 1798 – made muskets for the U.S. Army using interchangeable parts – parts of a machine that are identical
• Mass Production:
Manufacturing Grows Slowly
• Grew slowly because most people chose to own a farm, instead of working for low wages – British goods were cheaper
• War of 1812:
II. Changes in Working Life
• Workers no longer needed specific skills of crafts people to run machines – “unskilled”
• Rhode Island System:
• Chance to work in a factory to earn money and learn a new skill
• Lowell System: Francis Cabot Lowell – 1814– Water powered mills that hired young, unmarried women
– Long work days (14 hours)
Workers Organize
• Factories produced goods quickly, but workers not paid well
• 1840’s immigrants willing to work for less
• Trade Unions: groups that tried to improve pay and working conditions
• Strikes:
III. Transportation Revolution • Transportation Revolution:
period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel– Steamboat: Robert Fulton
– 1807 – could move upriver and did not rely on wind power
– Gibbons v. Ogden – 1824 – Supreme Court reinforced federal power to regulate trade between states
– Railroads: 1830 – 1860 –
Transportation Revolution Changes
• Goods could get to distant markets
• Population growth – Cities grow• Coal replaced wood as source of power
• Lumber and logging - deforestation
IV. More Technological Advances
• 1832 – Samuel Morse perfects telegraph: a device that could send information over wires across great distances – “Morse Code”
• Steam power grows
Farm and Home Changes
• 1831 – Cyrus McCormick develops the mechanical reaper to cut wheat quicker
• 1840 - Isaac Singer improves sewing machine