Chapter 12 p. 336-350

AP World History

1. The battle in which the Russians fought against the Teutonic Knights to prevent being assimilated by Catholic Crusaders was led by the Russian heroA) Alexander Nevskii.B) Dmitri Donskoi.C) Ivan III.D) Vladimir the Viking.E) Grigorii Preobrazhenskii

2. Stephen Dushan took advantage of weakening Byzantine influence and proclaimed himself tsar ofA) the Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians, and Slavs.B) the Greeks, Byzantines, Bulgarians, and Sicilians.C) the Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians, and Macedonians.D) the Macedonians, Albanians, Slavs, and Serbs.E) the Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians, and Albanians.

3. Mongol armies often consisted ofA) a multinational force with Mongol leaders.B) ethnic Mongols only.C) both male and female soldiers.D) Chinese mercenaries.E) Uighurs only

4. In 1453, the Ottomans conquered which important Christian city?A) KievB) ViennaC) ParisD) BudapestE) Constantinople

5. What was the most lasting impact of the Mongols on China?A) The Mongols introduced Buddhism to China.B) The Mongols permanently reunited China after a prolonged period of political fragmentation.C) The Chinese government system was invented by the Mongols.D) The Mongols brought silk and porcelain production to China.E) The Mongols built the Great Wall

6. Which group held the lowest social rank in Yuan China?A) Southern ChineseB) Northern ChineseC) Middle EasternersD) Central AsiansE) Mongols

7. To solve the problem of credit in Yuan China, the Mongols providedA) no leadership to improve the situation.B) laws protecting banks and moneylenders.C) government bonds.D) tax rebates to the rich.E) paper money and copper coins.

8. Chinese medicine under the Yuan benefited from the arrival of medical texts fromA) Persia.B) Russia.C) Europe.D) Egypt.E) Japan.

9. To demonstrate their rejection of the Mongols, the Ming emperorsA) severed relations with the Middle East and Central Asia and closed the borders to foreigners.B) built the Great Wall of China and deported all Mongols.C) changed the official language from Mongolian to Chinese.D) marched all the Mongols to the Korean border.E) formed close ties with the Manchu instead.

10. The emperor Yongle improved the imperial complex built by the Mongols called theA) Imperial House.B) Forbidden City.C) Heavenly Gates.D) Dragon's Court.E) Red Square.

11. Why didn't Ming China develop seafaring for commercial and military gain?A) The emperor feared outside contacts and influence.B) The peasantry were a strong voting lobby and refused to support it.C) The merchants were opposed to losing their domestic markets.D) The Mongol threat from the north took priority over seafaring.E) The Japanese merchants undercut the market and stole China's trading partners.

12. Which of the following was not a reason for economic decline in China after the death of Yongle?A) Decreased production of metalB) Lack of commercial developmentC) Reemphasis of the classic examination system, rather than commercialismD) A switch to growing staple crops instead of commercial cropsE) Resurgence of the bubonic plague

13. What military techniques or innovations made the Yi military a formidable defensive force?A) cannon with gunpowder-driven arrow launchers.B) compound bows and chain mail.C) battering rams and Trojan horses.D) phalanxes of soldiers deployed by rota.E) the development of poison gas canisters.

14. What prevented the Mongols from invading Japan?A) The Mongols feared the samurai military prowess.B) The jungle heat prevented their horses from continuing.C) A storm prevented them from establishing a base.D) Mongol tactics were no match for the Japanese military technology.E) The Japanese launched a surprise attack on the Mongol naval base.

15. How did the threat of Mongol invasion affect Japan?A) Japanese clans took political control of their regions.B) Japanese merchants lost huge sums of money in the Mongolian markets.C) Japanese monks were held hostage.D) The Japanese military government spent a lot of time building coastal defenses, hoping to consolidate the warrior class.E) Japan reinstated direct imperial rule.

• 16. This Mongol military leader, the grandson of Genghis Khan, defeated the Chinese Song Dynasty in 1279 and took control of the country.

• 17. This dynasty, founded by the Mongol conqueror Kublai Khan, reigned over China from 1279-1368. Under the Yuan, foreigners and Mongols made up the civil service and Chinese subjects were legally separated from Mongols. Despite this discrimination, China enjoyed relative stability and prosperity during this time.

• 18. This Central Asia nomadic group established a far-flung new empire that flourished during the 13th century C.E. and stretched from China through the Middle East. Major leaders included Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, Hulegu Khan, and Batu.

• 19. This Muslim scholar traveled extensively through West Africa, the Middle East, and India during the 14th century. His writings show the extent of Muslim influence throughout that region.

• 20. This Italian merchant traveled in the late 13th century over Silk Roads to China, where he spent many years living among the Chinese. The popularity of his book describing his travels helped increase European interest in Chinese goods, Asia, and exploration.

• 21. This event occurred in 1453 C.E. after a long decline of Byzantine power. Internal and external pressures such as disputes between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches and foreign invasions contributed to fall. When the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople the empire ceased to exist.

• 22. This term refers to the territory or state ruled by a khan.

• 23. This term, meaning “Mongolian Peace” describes the 13th century period during which peace, stability, and increased trade spread throughout the vast Eurasian territory ruled by the Mongol Empire.

• 24. This Mongol ruler conquered Russia and established Mongol rule in the 13th century. Under his rule Russian local rulers retained much of their authority and trade was supported, although peasants paid heavy taxes.

• 25. This Mongol conqueror defeated the Abbasid Caliphate in 1258 C.E. He established the Il khanate dynasty in the Middle East, under which regional rulers retained much of their power as long as they paid taxes and maintained order.