chapter 12 forces and motion. force force is a push or a pull
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 12
Forces and Motion
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Force
Force is a push or a pull.
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Force
A force can cause:
A resting object to move
Accelerate a moving object By changing the object's
Speed
Direction
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Measuring Force
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Measuring Force
lbs - Pound
N - Newton
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Connecting Motion and Forces
Force (newton, N): A push or pull one body exerts on another.
Earth
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Balanced Forces
Balanced Forces: Forces on an object that are equal in size and opposite in direction.
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Unbalanced Forces
Unbalanced Forces: Forces on an object are not equal resulting in a Net Force.
5 N 3 N
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Unbalanced Forces
Unbalanced Forces: When an unbalanced force acts on an
object, the object accelerates.
5 N 3 N
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Net Force
A Net Force on an object always changes the velocity of the object.
2 N
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Balanced Forces
Balanced Forces: When the forces on an object are balanced, the net force is
zero and there is no change in the
object's motion.
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Friction
Force that opposes the motion of objects that touch
as they move past each other.
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Static Friction
A friction force that acts on objects that are not moving.
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Sliding Friction
A friction force that opposes the motion of an object as it slides over a
surface.
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Rolling Friction
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Rolling Friction
A friction force that acts on rolling objects, caused by the change in shape at the
point of rolling contact.
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Fluid Friction
AirResistance
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Fluid Friction
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Fluid Friction
A friction force that opposes the motion of an object
through a fluid.
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Gravity
Gravity: Every object in the universe exerts a force on every other object. This force is Gravity!!!
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Gravity
Gravity causes objects to accelerate downward, whereas air acts in the direction opposite to the motion and reduces acceleration.
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Gravity
AirResistance
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Projectile Motion
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Projectile Motion
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Projectile Motion
Vertical Component
HorizontalComponent
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Projectile Motion
The combination of initial forward velocity and the
downward vertical force of gravity causes the ball to
follow a curved path.
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Physical Science: 12-1
Worksheet: 12-1Due:3/4/04
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Ari
stotl
e
Force was required to keep an object
moving at a constant speed.
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Ari
stotl
e
Object will move indefinitely if no force is applied.
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New
ton
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New
ton
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New
ton
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Inertia
Inertia (mass): The tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion.
1kg 25 kg
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The more mass an object has, the greater its inertia.
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Newton’s First LawThe Law of Inertia
An object in moving tends to
stay in motion at a constant velocityand
an object at resttends to
remain at rest unless a net force acts on it.
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Newton’s First Law
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Newton’s Second Law of Motion
The Law of Acceleration
A net force acting on an object will accelerate that object in the
direction of that forceFa
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Net Force Accelerates
FE
FE - engine
FF
FF - friction
FNet
FNet – net forceFNet = FE - FF
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Net Force Accelerates
FE=25NFF =5N
FN
FN = FE - FF FN = 25N – 5N
FN = 20N
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Newton’s Second Law
Acceleration
Force = mass x acceleration
F = ma
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F
m a
F = ma
m= Fa
a=Fm
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Example #1
A car with a mass of 2000kg is parked on the side of the road. How much force is needed to accelerate
the car at 3m/s²? (Assume that there is no friction
against the car.)
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Example #1
F
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Given: m = 2000kg a = 3m/s²
Find: F = ?
Equation: F = ma
F = (2000kg) x (3m/s²)F = 15,000N
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Weight
Weight: The measure of the force of gravity on an object.
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MassMass: The amount of matter making up an object.
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Weight
Moon Earth Jupiter (16.7 lb) (100 lb) (254 lb)
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Falling
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Falling
All objects fall at the same rate!!
9.8m/s²
32ft/s²
22mph/s{Acceleration due to
Gravity!!!g
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Falling
Acceleration due to
gravity.g
Force due to
gravity.W (weight)
W = mg
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Falling
W
Fair
W = Fair
Terminal Velocity
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Homework: 12-2
Worksheet: 12-2Due: 3/10/09
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Homework: 12-3
Math PracticePage: 367, 1-4Due: 3/10/09
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A boy pushes forward a cart of groceries with a total mass of 40.0 kg. What is the
acceleration of the cart if the net force on
the cart is 60.0 N? Given: Find:
Equation:
Solve:
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What is the upward acceleration of a helicopter with a mass of 5000 kg if a force
of 10,000 N acts on it in an upward
direction? Given: Find:
Equation:
Solve:
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An automobile with a mass of 1200 kg accelerates at a rate of 3.0 m/s2 in the forward direction. What is the net
force acting on the automobile?
(Hint: Solve the acceleration formula for force.) Given: Find:
Equation:
Solve:
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A 25-N force accelerates a boy in a wheelchair at 0.5 m/s2 What is the mass of the boy and the
wheelchair?
(Hint: Solve Newton's second law for mass.) Given: Find:
Equation:
Solve:
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Action and Reaction
Newton’s Third Law
When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second one exerts a force on the first
that is equal in size and opposite in direction.
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For every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction.
Action and Reaction
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Action - Reaction Pair
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Rocket Propulsion
Reaction ForceRocket Accelerates
Action ForceEscaping Gases
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Momentum - Mass on the Move
Momentum ( p unit:kg•m/s )A property a moving object
has because of mass and velocity.
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v
v
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Momentum Equation
momentum = mass X velocity
p = m x v
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Example: A car with a mass of 2000 kg is moving with a velocity of 40 m/s. What is its’ momentum?Given: m = 2000 kg
v = 40 m/sFind: p = ?
Equation: p = m x v
Solve: p = 2000 kg x 40 m/s
p = 80,000 kg•m/s
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Conservation of Momentum
The total momentum of a group of objects does not change unless
outside forces act on the objects.
The momentum before a collision is equal to the momentum
after the collision.
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Total Momentum Before = Total Momentum After
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Total Momentum Before = Total Momentum After
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Momentum
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Homework: 12-3
Worksheet: 12-3Due: 3/12/08
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Universal Forces
d
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Electromagnetic Forces
Electromagnetic forces are associated with charged particles.
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Electric Forces
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Magnetic Force
Magnetic Poles
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Unlike Poles (North-South)
Attract!!!
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Like Poles (North-North South-South)
Repel!!!
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Nuclear Force
Two forces that act in the nucleus to hold it together.
Strong Nuclear Force
Weak Nuclear Force
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Strong Nuclear ForceStrongest Force
Holds the nucleus together
Short Range
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Weak Nuclear Force
Weaker than the Strong Force
Short Range
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Gravitational Forces
![Page 92: Chapter 12 Forces and Motion. Force Force is a push or a pull](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e0d5503460f94af6a85/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Gravitational Forces
Any object with mass exerts a gravitation force.
Long Range
![Page 93: Chapter 12 Forces and Motion. Force Force is a push or a pull](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e0d5503460f94af6a85/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Gravitational Forces
![Page 94: Chapter 12 Forces and Motion. Force Force is a push or a pull](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e0d5503460f94af6a85/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Tides
![Page 95: Chapter 12 Forces and Motion. Force Force is a push or a pull](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e0d5503460f94af6a85/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Tides
![Page 96: Chapter 12 Forces and Motion. Force Force is a push or a pull](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e0d5503460f94af6a85/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Circular Motion
![Page 97: Chapter 12 Forces and Motion. Force Force is a push or a pull](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e0d5503460f94af6a85/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Sending up SatellitesV = 29,000km/h (18,000mph)
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Sending up Satellites
Geostationary
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Homework: 12-4
Worksheet: 12-4Due: 3/13/09