Name: Achmad JaelaniNIM: 21060114130099Class: BGroup: 1HOMEWORK CHAPTER 114. A.You work for a manufacturer of hand tools and have been asked to investigate using alternative materials in your products. In a pairs, read the notes and discuss the main properties required of the materials used to make the tools.

Hammers: a.The hammer head is hand-forged with a tempered side to pull out a nails and striking face so the material should be strong,little bit heavy to get the momentum strike and also formable,the material such as iron could be perfectly fit for this part.The hammer shaft is a part of hammer that was made to help the user hold the tool properly,and the material required for this part should have a lightweight and durable.Material like wood would be perfect for this part. b. The hammer head is double faced hammer which is relatively ligthweight and so the head should be made of a lightweight but durable material such as light steel.For the hammer shaft we could use a wood which is also relatively lightweight.Saws : a. The saw blade is a serrated blade which is generally made of an iron but we can also make it from steel and many other material while for handle,we can use a lightweight and durable wood.b.The saw blade is often quite brittle, so care needs to be taken to prevent brittle fracture of the blade and for the material,we can use a bi-metal to prevent breakage and still can cut precisely. Most hacksaws are hand saws with a C-shaped frame that holds a blade under tension. Such hacksaws have a handle, usually a pistol grip, with pins for attaching a narrow disposable blade which is made from an alloy or a metal attached with a plastic pistol grip.

B. Think of a product you know well. In pairs, discuss the materials used in it and what properties make the materials suitable. Discuss whether alternative materials could be used.MOTOR CYCLE DISC BRAKEThere have been two principal materials used for these tools in recent years. Cast Iron and Stainless Steel.Cast iron is very cheap to produce and produces very good friction coefficients but it is also fragile, it is not compatible with many modern pad materials, particularly sintered pads, it is heavy and of course it rusts. Grey cast iron discs can shatter and ductile cast iron is fragile, very fickle with pads and in our experience can warp very easily. We distributed a range of discs made from ductile cast iron for several years and had to return far too many that were warped. The answer usually came back that the problem had occurred due to the use of inappropriate pads but the truth is it happened far too often! Some companies still believe it is the right material to use but there are just too many negatives and not enough positives.Stainless steel on the other hand, although a little more expensive has a lot more positives. It doesnt rust, or at least not to any great extent. It is very robust, it is tolerant to almost all brake_pads and particularly to sintered_brake_pads. It is highly resistant to wear, it doesnt shatter and it resists heat very well. When it was first used the friction coefficients were not as good as cast iron and this convinces some that cast iron is still the right material. But I asked a Brembo executive about it some years ago and he said, that was true 30 years ago but the friction coefficients of stainless_steel_discs and sintered_pads went past cast iron around 20 years ago! As usual, for proof he pointed to the race results and pointed out that with the exception of carbon discs in GP, every race bike fitted with Brembo_brakes for the last 20 years or so had used stainless_steel_discs not cast iron. Since they are the winning brakes in almost every major championship year in year out it is difficult to argue. The exact specification they use has never been released but it is made specially for them.So, in modern times at least stainless steel is definitely the way to go

5. In pairs, answer the following questions.1. In advertising what hi-tech high-performance Situations are often used to promote watches?2. What message are they intended to send about the quality of products?3. What quality issue differentiate higher-quality watches from lower-quality ones?4. What is the difference between describing something as water-resistant and waterproof?

Answer:1. Examples of situations used in advertising include motor racing, watersports such as surfing and diving, and aviation.2. The intended message is that watches are accurate and are resistant.3. Higher quality watches keep good time; are resistant to water and shocks; andare made from more expensive, better-looking materials.4. Describing something as water-resistant suggests it can resist water up to acertain limit, for example to a certain depth or pressure. Describing somethingas waterproof suggests it gives unlimited protection from water.6.A. Louisa, a marketing executive for a watch manufacturer, is discussing material selection with Tom, one of her engineering colleagues. Listen to the discussion and complete the four quality issues that are mentioned in the meeting.Answers1 corrosion resistance. 3 scratch resistance.2 water resistance. 4 shock resistance. B. In pairs, discuss what is meant by each of the quality issues in Exercise 6a.1. What it is mean as corrosion resistance is that the particular material used to make a watches isnt always have good corrosion resistance especially if its compared to a metal like titanium.2. They were talking about how water resistance is not a question of metal quality but it is about metal join and seal you use.3. and 4. The material used for watch that also include a good scratch and shock resitance is either pretty ordinary or the composition are complex so that the name is complex so they are not good at marketing.

7. A.2.5 listen again and answer the following questions.1. What point does Tom make about the reasons for selecting materials?2. What does he say about submarine-grad steel to exemplify the above n point?3. What problem does he describe with regard to the market ability of manymaterials?4. What hard commercial fact does Louis a give?

Answer:1. Watch materials are sometimes chosen for marketing reasons, nottechnical reasons.2. They considered using submarine-grade steel in some models even thoughwater resistance actually depends on the joints and seals, not the metal used.3. Many good watch-making materials are either ordinary, or complex, and soare not very marketable.4. Consumers are not technical experts, and make choices based on theirimpressions, rather than on factual information.

B. In pairs, mark the following statements True (T) or False (F) according to the viewsexpressed in the conversation. Read the audio script on page 87 and check youranswers.1 Often exotic-sound in material as are not that suitable technically.(T)2 People think that a submarine steel watch must be tremendously water-resistant.(T) 3 The corrosion resistance of submarine steel is exceptionally good.(F)4 Submarine-grad steel looks fairly good.(F)5 Tom thinks submarine steel is particularly suitable for watches.(F)6 The firm has often used materials that are not adequately durable.(F)7 Often, the compositions of good watch materials are relatively complex.(T)8 Materials with complicated names are pretty good for marketing.(F)

C. Listen to the following phrases from the conversation and underline the stressed syllable. Practice saying the phrases. Answers2. exceptionally resistant. 5. relatively complex.3. not at all suitable. 6. not all that good.4. tremendously marketable.

D. Complete the following table using the words in the box.exceptionally fairly insufficiently not adequately not (all) thatNot particularly pretty relatively tremendously

Extremely

Quite Not veryDefinitely notNot enough

Tremendously FairlyNot particularlyNot at allInsufficiently

exceptionally

PrettyNot (all) thatNot adequately

Relatively

8. In pairs, discuss the key properties and different types and grades of the followingmaterials. Give examples of the properties that make each material good or bad forwatch-making from a quality perspective.

Answer:Steel is relatively heavy and very tough. It is pretty scratch-resistant and shock resistant.Mild steel is not very corrosion-resistant but stainless steel has good corrosion resistance and is therefore suitable for watches. Glass is quite heavy and is water-resistant and corrosion-resistant. Ordinary glass is very brittle and has fairly poor shock resistance and scratch resistance, although it is still suitable for watches. Toughened glass is more durable. Aluminium is relatively lightweight and is fairly tough. It has good corrosion resistance. It is therefore suitable for watches.Titanium is exceptionally lightweight and tough and has excellent abrasion resistance. It is also extremely corrosion-resistant and is therefore an excellent watch material. Gold is extremely heavy and pretty tough, although softer grades of gold have quite poor shock resistance and scratch resistance. Gold has excellent corrosion resistance. It is suitable for more expensive, decorative watches.

9. In small groups, choose a well-known consumer product or appliance and discuss it froma quality perspective. How suitable are the materials used? How good is the product,compared with others sold by competitors?

Answer:My guitar,the C315 might be one of Yamaha's most inexpensive full-size classical models, but its quality and tone are outstanding. An excelent choice for beginners.The upper part is made of spruce wood,the back side and side line are made of agathis wood,while the neck,finger board and holder are made of nato wood.So far,the whole materials is working pretty good eventhough the holder part which is made from nato doesnt have good scratch resistant but with the relatively cheap price,its still worth the money I spent.If I compare it to other guitar with the same price,its still much better because the other guitar tend to have a not stable tuning part like when Im playing it,the string often get tune down itself and it really annoys me whenever Im trying to find out a chord of the song.

TES FORMATIFA. 1.1 Listen to a conversation about the properties of materials used in a specific type of tool and answer the following questions. 1. Where does the conversation take place? 2. What tool is being discussed? 3. Which materials can be used for its different parts?Answer:1. At the dental care.2. Tooth drill.3. Titanium can be used for the handle, and tungsten-carbide and diamond forthe bur.

1.2 Complete the following extracts from the conversation using the properties inExercise 8c. Listen again and check your answers.1. The handle mustn't be heavy. Ideally, you want it to be light weight.2. Resisting friction is essential. The key requirement is abrasion resistance.3. The bur has to be built to last. Obviously, they need to be very durable.4. Heat builds up in the bur. You need o good degree of thermal resitance.

1.3 Match the words and phrases from Formatif A (1.2) to the synonyms.

1. ideally (b)a. its clear that2. obviously (a)b. for the best results3. the last thing you want (e) c. the most important factor4. the key requirement (c)d. a lot of / a high level of5. a good degree of (d) e. the worst situation

B.1.1 Match the automotive parts (l -5) to the descriptions (a-e).1. drive belts (c)a.sheets inserted between parts to prevent gas or fluid leakage2. brake pads (e) b pneumatic envelopes contract with the road surface3. tires (b) c flexible bands used in transmission systems4. sealing gaskets (a) d protective barrier capable of resisting gunshots5. bullet-resistant armor (d) e pads pressed against discs to induce deceleration

1.2 Read the information from DuPontTM and Kevlaron the following page explainingsome of the automotive applications of Kevlar. Complete the text using the automotive parts in Formatif B (1.1).1. Tires.2. drive belts.3. brake pads.4. Bullet-resistant armor.5. Sealing gaskets.

C. 1.1 listen again and answer the following questions.1.What point does Tom make about the reasons for selecting materials?2.What does he say about submarine-grad steel to exemplify the above n point?3.What problem does he describe with regard to the market ability of manymaterials?4. What hard commercial fact does Louis a give?Answer:1.Watch materials are sometimes chosen for marketing reasons, nottechnical reasons.2.They considered using submarine-grade steel in some models even thoughwater resistance actually depends on the joints and seals, not the metal used.3.Many good watch-making materials are either ordinary, or complex, and soare not very marketable.4.Consumers are not technical experts, and make choices based on theirimpressions, rather than on factual information.

1.2 In pairs, mark the following statements True (T) or False (F) according to theviews expressed in the conversation.1 Often exotic-sound in material as are not that suitable technically.(T)2 People think that a submarine steel watch must be tremendously water-resistant.(T) 3 The corrosion resistance of submarine steel is exceptionally good.(F)4 Submarine-grad steel looks fairly good.(F)5 Tom thinks submarine steel is particularly suitable for watches.(F)6 The firm has often used materials that are not adequately durable.(F)7 Often, the compositions of good watch materials are relatively complex.(T)8 Materials with complicated names are pretty good for marketing.(F)

1.3 Listen to the following phrases from the conversation and underline thestressed syllable. Practice saying the phrases.1 not particularly suitable. 4 tremendously marketable.2 exceptionally resistant. 5 relatively complex.3 not at all suitable. 6 not all that good.

1.4 Complete the following table using the words in the box.

exceptionally fairly insufficiently not adequately not (all) thatNot particularly pretty relatively tremendously

ExtemelyQuite Not veryDefinitely notNot enough

Tremendously FairlyNot particularlyNot at allInsufficiently

Exceptionally

PrettyNot (all) thatNot adequately

Relatively