chapter 11 sections 1& 2. the industrial revolution objective: to examine the growth in mid-19...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 11
Sections 1& 2
The Industrial Revolution
Objective: To examine the growth in mid-19 century technology and the subsequent factory conditions.
The Industrial Revolution
• Gradually, machines took the place of many hand tools.
• Much of the power once provided by people and horses began to be replaced, first by flowing water and then by steam engines.
Steam Transport
• Fitch and Fulton
• The Age of Steamboats– Cheap means of moving goods– Move people
American Industry Grows
• Machines and Factories
Revolution Takes Hold
Mass Production
Rapid manufacture of large numbers of identical objects
Interchangeable Parts
Identical pieces that could be assembled quickly by unskilled workers
The Effects of Factory Growth
• Factory workers often worked 15 hours or more a day.
• Child labor and injuries were common, and wages were low.
(photo by Lewis Hine, 1908- 1912)
Some of the young knitters in London Hosiery Mills. London, Tenn. (photo by Lewis Hine, 1908- 1912)
How did workers fight against factory owners?
• By the 1830’s, workers began to form trade unions in order to fight for better working conditions.
• Union workers sometimes make their demands by going on strike.
Negatives
Factories began to replace skilled workers,
such as carpenters and shoemakers.
Section 2: The North Transformed
• Growth of Cities: – Urbanization-the growth of cities due to
movement of people from rural areas to cities
• The telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse in 1844.First Transcontinental Telegraph Line, 1860
S. F. B. Morse in 1844
Growth of Northern Industry
Advances
Agriculture
• Mechanical Reaper– Cyrus McCormick
Manufacturing
• Isaac Singer– Sewing Machine
American Industry Grows
• The Lowell Mills– Francis Cabot Lowell– Waltham, Massachusetts– Spinning/weaving together– Lowell Girls
• Boarding houses
Transportation Revolution
• Railroads became an important part of the American economy beginning in the 1850’s.
BENEFITS:
Farmers and merchants could transport their goods quicker and cheaper.
United States rail network - 1870
- Cities grew along rail routes. Ex.) Chicago and Cincinnati
Immigrants
New Americans
• In the 1840’s and 1850’s, about 4 million immigrants arrived in the U.S.
• In the 1840’s, over 1 million people died in Ireland due to the Irish Potato Famine.
New York City riots, 1863
(left) Population density of people born in Ireland, 1870; these were mostly Catholics
• Most Irish immigrants came to the U.S. poor, settling in either Boston, New York, or Philadelphia.
The Germans
• German immigrants came to the U.S. to escape war and to better their lives.
German immigrants boarding a ship for America in the late 19th century
• Those with money bought farms in the Midwest.
• Those too poor to buy land stayed in east coast cities, such as New York.
Effects of Immigration
• Immigrants took available jobs in factories and mines, helping the economy.
1900 US photo miners in Hazleton, PA
• Nativists tried to limit immigration, blaming immigrants for “stealing” jobs from native-born Americans and for being criminals.
(above) New York Times want ad 1854
• In the 1850’s, nativists formed the Know-Nothing Party.
A cartoon from the 1850s by the "Know-Nothings" accusing the Irish and German immigrants of negatively affecting an election.
Video Clip: Gangs of New York (2:00)
Cartoons depicted Irish immigrants as ape-like barbarians prone to lawlessness, laziness and drunkenness.