Chapter 11 Section 3

Chapter 11 Section 3Victory in Europe and the PacificReviewExecutive Order 8802Bracero programExecutive Order 9066Government manages the economy

So.How did the Allies defeat the Axis Powers?People and TermsPeople and TermsDefinitionsHarry S. TrumanAlbert EinsteinJ. Robert OppenheimerManhattan ProjectTook over President after FDR diedWorld famous scientist who wrote the letter to FDR about he importance of a atomic bomb programScientist who ran the scientific aspect of the Manhattan ProjectProgram to develop an atomic bombPeople and TermsPeople and TermsDefinitions D-DayBattle of the BulgeIsland hoppingKamikazeInvasion of Normandy FranceGerman counter attack that attempted to drive a wedge between American and British forcesAmerican strategy in pacific to capture Japanese islandsJapanese pilots who deliberately crashed their planes into American shipsPlanning Germanys DefeatNovember 1943Teheran, IranThe Big Three (FDR, Churchill, and Stalin)meetStalinWants U.S. and Britain to attack Germany from the westChurchillDoes not want to do so because:Repeat the slaughter of British troops in WWI on Western front U-Boat presence was to great in English Channel

Planning Germanys DefeatDeclaration of the Three PowersWe have reached complete agreement as to the scope and timing of operations to be undertaken from the east, west, and south. The common understanding which we have here guarantees that victory will be ours No power on earth can prevent our destroying the German armies by land, the U-Boats by sea, and their war planes from the air.December 1, 1943Eisenhower Plans the InvasionOperation OverlordWhenJune 6, 1944WhereNormandy FranceHow21 American divisions and 26 British, Canadian, and Polish divisions4,4400 plus ships and landing craft5 beachesUtah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword

Heroes Storm the BeachesD-DayObjective was to gain a toehold in France11,000 planes first attacked Nazi communication and transport networks as well as defenses on the beaches6:30 AMFirst troops crossed the English Channel4 beaches faced light resistanceOmaha beachAmerican troops faced tough resistance from Nazi defensesResultAchieved objective Took important step to reaching Berlin

Liberation of EuropeGermany faced a war on two frontsEastSoviet UnionGained control of Latvia Romania, Slovakia, and HungaryWestAmerican and BritishHad established themselves in Northern France Made there way towards BerlinAllies AdvanceAugust 1944Allies Liberate ParisJuly 20, 1944Plot to overthrow HitlerWhoRommel and othersWhat happenedAn officer planted a bomb at Hitlers HeadquartersBomb killed and/or wounded 20 but Hitler survivedGermany CounterattacksDecember 1944Hitlers planEnglish speaking German soldiers would cut telephone and change road signs to confuse the Allied forcesGerman tanks would then secure communication and transports stationsPlanned ResultCreate a wedge between American and British ForcesLed to the Battle of the BulgeBattle of the BulgeDecember 1944Germans surprise attacked American linesBastogne BelgiumConditionsSnowy, cloudy skies prevented the Allies from providing air supportDecember 23Skies cleared and Allies were able to bomb key German positionsResultCrippled Germans military reserves and demoralized the soldiers

Allies Push to VictoryApril 1945Mussolini tried to flee Switzerland but was captured and executedFDR diesBefore the war ended, FDR had died Harry S. Truman became presidentApril 30, 1945Hitler commits suicideMay 7, 1945V-E DayGermany SurrendersAdvancing in the PacificU.S. StrategyIsland hoppingCapturing some Japanese-held islands and ignoring others in a steady path toward JapanJapanese Troops Fight to the DeathRather than surrender many Japanese troops took their own livesKamikazeJapanese pilots crashed their planes into American shipsMore than 3,00 Japanese pilots died in kamikaze missionsPrevented Allies from taking the Philippines and saved Japanese ships from destruction American Forces Near JapanFebruary and March 1945Iwo JimaOne of the fiercest battles in the island hopping campaign36 days of fighting resulted in 23,000 casualties to U.S. MarinesApril 1945OkinawaImportant because the island was only 340 miles from Japanese mainland500,000 troops and 1,213 warships involved in the battleU.S. forces took the island but at a cost of 50,000 casualtiesThe Atomic Bomb Ends the WarAlbert EinsteinWorlds most famous scientist at the timeSigned a letter that alerted FDR about the need to proceed with atomic developmentManhattan ProjectThe program that development of the atomic bomb

Manhattan ProjectTwo primary leadersGeneral Leslie Groves and J. Robert OppenheimerOppenheimer ran the scientific aspect of the projectJuly 16, 1945Bomb tested Now I am become Death, the Destroyer of Worlds.OppenheimerThe wars over. One or two of those things and Japan will be Finished.General Leslie GroveTruman Makes His DecisionFor dropping the bombAgainst dropping the bombAxis powers had scientists working on the same thing

Save American lives

An invasion of mainland Japan was estimated to cost 1 million American lives

Win the warEthical issues

Killing innocent civilians

Hiroshima and NagasakiHiroshimaNagasakiAugust 6, 19458:15 AM Bomb dropped and explodedWithin 2 minutes 60,000 people were dead or missing

August 9, 1945Two eventsSoviet Union declared war against Japan and invaded ManchuriaU.S. dropped the bomb 35, 000 residents killedAugust 15, 1945V-J (Victory in Japan) DaySeptember 2 1945Japan surrendersNow in ClassAnswer the questions as well as fill out the chart attached with this packet