chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc
TRANSCRIPT
Communication ClimatesHoffmanSP 2016 – COM 125
Climate of CommunicationCommunication ClimateRefers to the emotional tone of a relationship
Levels of Message ConfirmationConfirming communicationDescribes messages that convey valuing
Disconfirming CommunicationDescribes messages that show a lack of regard
Disconfirming
Disconfirming MessagesImpervious ResponsesDoesn’t acknowledge the other person’s
messageInterruptingBeginning to speak before the other
person has finishedIrrelevant ResponsesA comment unrelated to what the other
person has just said (i.e., Red Herring)
DisconfirmingDisconfirming Messages
Tangential Responses
Impersonal Responses
Ambiguous Responses
Incongruous Responses
Contains two messages that deny or contradict each other
Disconfirming MessagesImpervious Responses
Doesn’t acknowledge the other person’s message
InterruptingBeginning to speak before the other person has finished
Irrelevant ResponsesA comment unrelated to what the other person has just said (i.e., Red Herring)
DisagreeingDisagreeing Messages Aggressiveness
Complaining
Argumentativeness
Confirming
Messages
Recognition
Acknowledgement
Endorsement
How Communication Climates Develop
When two people start to communicate, a relational climate begins to developVerbal and nonverbal communication can be climate-shaping
After a climate is formed, it can take on a life of its own and become a self-perpetuating spiral
SpiralsA reciprocating communication pattern in which each person’s message reinforces the othersEscalatory conflict spiralsDe-escalatory conflict spiralsRarely go on indefinitelyMost relationships pass through cycles
of progression and regression
Face & Gibbs TypesFace-Threatening Acts
Messages that seem to challenge the image we want to project
Defensiveness becomes the process of protecting our presenting self, our face
Preventing Defensiveness in Others Jack Gibb isolated six types of defense-arousing
communication and six contrasting behaviors
Gibbs Categories
Gibb Categories
Evaluation versus Description
Control versus Problem OrientationStrategy versus Spontaneity
Neutrality versus Empathy
Superiority versus Equality
Certainty versus Provisionalism
Evaluation: You don’t know what you’re talking about!
Description: I don’t see how you came to that idea
Strategy: I’m moving on Friday. What are you doing after work that day?
Spontaneity: I have to move on Friday. Could you stop by and help after work?
Saving FaceThe Assertive Message FormatThe five parts of the assertive
messageBehaviorInterpretationFeelingConsequenceIntention
BehaviorDescribes the raw material to which you reactDescription should be objective
InterpretationDescribes the meaning you’ve attached to the other person’s behaviorImportant to realize is that interpretations are subjectiveProblems occur when sender fails to describe behavior on which interpretation is based
FeelingAdds a new dimension to a messageSome statements seem as if they’re expressing feeling but are actually expressing interpretations or statements of intention
The Assertive Message FormatConsequence
Explains what happens as a result of the situation you’ve described
What happens to you, the speakerWhat happens to the person you’re addressingWhat happens to others
ValuableHelp you understand more clearlyCan be sure you or your message leaves nothing to listener’s imagination
Assertive FormatUsing the Assertive Message
Format The elements may be delivered in
mixed order Word the message to suit your
personal style When appropriate, combine two
elements in a single phrase Take your time delivering the
message
Responding Nondefensively to CriticismSeek more information
Ask for specifics Guess about
specifics Paraphrase the
speaker’s ideas Ask what the
critic wants Ask about the
consequences of your behavior
Ask what else is wrong
Where you stand on an issue
Requests of others
Descriptions of how you plan to act in the future
Friendship Communication
Friendship –
the interpersonal relationship between two interdependent people that is mutually productive and characterized by mutual positive regard.
“Personalistic focus” –
react to each other as complete persons, as unique, genuine, and irreplaceable individuals.
Must be mutually productive.
Must be characterized by mutual positive regard.
Needs in FriendshipsUtility – someone with special skills
who can help you.Affirmation – someone who helps
you recognize your attributes.Ego-support – someone who
behaves supportively.Stimulation – someone who
introduces you to new ideas.Security – someone who does
nothing to hurt you.
Friendship TypesReciprocity – the ideal type, characterized by
loyalty, self-sacrifice, mutual affection, and generosity. Based on equality.
Receptivity – an imbalance in giving and receiving with both gaining; a difference in status is essential.
Association – transitory, cordial but not intense.
Friendships include dynamic tensions between being open and protecting the self. Friendships are major reason for Internet communication.