Chapter 10 Review & Preview

Theory of Mind

• What is meant by theory of mind, or metacognition?

• Greta has just been shown two boxes—a plain, unmarked box full of raisins and a familiar marked raisin box that is empty. Next, Greta is asked to predict where another child will look for raisins. – How will Greta likely respond if she is 3 years old?– How will she likely respond if she’s 5 years old?

Emerging Literacy

• Three-year-old Stacy pretends to make a grocery list while in the car on the way to the grocery store. This activity reflects Stacy’s

• A) emergent literacy. • B) animistic thinking. • C) private speech. • D) phonological awareness.

Mathematical DevelopmentEighteen-month-old Jazmin is offered sets of animal crackers. Each set contains 1, 2, or 4 crackers. Jazmin consistently picks the set with the most pieces, displaying a beginning grasp ofA) cardinality. B) estimation. C) ordinality.D) functionality.

Four-year-old Jack is a snack helper. He counts five children at his table and then retrieves five milk cartons. Jack is displaying an understanding of

A) ordinality. B) functionality. C) estimation. D) cardinality.

What do you think?• True or False

• Today’s IQ tests sample all human abilities?

• Performance on IQ tests is rarely affected by cultural or situation factors?

• Factors in the home play a major role in the intellectual performance of low-SES children, compared to their higher-SES peers.

True or False

Head Start and similar interventions are highly cost-effective… especially once you consider the reduced rates of special education placement, criminal behavior and delinquency, and unemployment of participants.

Child CareWhat is the most important consideration when looking at the impacts of child care on the outcomes of children?

Quality, developmentally appropriate care!

Mr. and Mrs. Harken are looking for an early childhood program for their son Max. Describe for the Harkens some of the things they should look for in a program to ensure that it is a high quality, developmentally appropriate program.

• Physical facility• Teacher training• Ratios• group size• Interactions (between parents and staff, children and staff)• Licensing and accreditation

Language development

When Sadie says, “I goed to the store,” her mother replies, “Yes, you went to the store.” What does Sadie’s error demonstrate? What does Sadie’s mother’s response illustrate? A) fast mapping. B) a recast. C) an overregularization. D) an expansion.

Acquiring new languageJay introduced a new ball to his 2-year-old daughter, Kandi. He said, “I’m throwing the wiffle ball to you!” He then threw the new ball to Kandi. Kandi said, “Catch, wiffle, catch!” Kandi’s connection of the term “wiffle” to the ball is an example of A) overregularization.B) syntactic bootstrapping. C) fast mapping. D) semantic bootstrapping.

According to ____________, preschoolers discover many word meanings by observing how words are used in the structure of sentences. A) fast mapping B) semantic bootstrappingC) mutual exclusivity D) syntactic bootstrapping

Chapter 10 Preview

• Erikson: Initiative vs. Guilt• Self development• Emotional development• Play• Friends• Moral development• Gender development• Child-rearing styles