chapter 10-reg clim

8/9/2019 Chapter 10-Reg Clim

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Regional climatesVariety of different scales of climatic

investigations•macroclimate- largest area of study, areaextends for 4 x 108 m2, up to 6000 m vertically

•(continental in scale

•mesoclimate- 10!

m2

up to 4 x 108

m2

in area•(su" continental in scale•#ocal climate - a group of microclimates t$atc$aracteri%e a specific region& 10! to 108 m2 in

si%e•'icroclimate - t$e smallest category 1 to 104 m2 in area

•n individual field or par)


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*c$ematic of climatic scales of study


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+limate classification $at, $y and .o/

$atrgani%e regions /it$ similar climates

$ynderstand /$at causes t$e climate to"e /$at it is and /$en to /orry a"outdepartures

.o/#oo) at moisture, temperature,evaporation, transpiration, vegetation,altitude, latitude, etc3 and decide on somevalue t$at sets t$e "oundary (t$res$old-commonly related to plants


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5ppen climate classification sc$eme

ses 'ont$ly mean temps, mont$ly mean

precipitation, and annual mean temps toesta"lis$ maor climatic %ones

•designated /it$ capital letters

idely used "ut fre7uently critici%ed

•no agreement "et/een plants and climate

•varia"ility in t$e factors t$at set "oundary climate classification c$anges constantly


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+lass +lass name *u"category *u"category nameey c$aracteristic forsu" categori%ation

9ropical $umid f 9ropical /et :o dry season

m 9ropical monsoonal

*$ort dry season& $eavymonsoonal rains in ot$ermont$s

/ 9ropical savanna inter dry season;


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D

SevereMid-Latitude Dfa

Humidcontinental

Humid with severewinter, no dryseason, hot summer

Dfb

Humidcontinental

Humid with severewinter, no dryseason, warm

summer

Dwa

Humidcontinental

Humid with severe,dry winter, hotsummer

Dwb

Humidcontinental

Humid with severe,dry winter, warmsummer

Dfc Subarctic

Severe winter, nodry season, coolsummer

Dfd Subarctic

Severe, very coldwinter, no dryseason, cool summer

Dwc SubarcticSevere, dry winter,cool summer

Dwd Subarctic

Severe, very coldand dry winter, coolsummer

E Polar ET Tundra

Polar tundra, no truesummer

EF ce !a" Perennial ice

H Hi#hland


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+limate %ones of t$e /orld


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>??=: +limate classification9ropical climates designated /it$ a capital @A

;ased in part on vegetation %ones t$at aresensitive to moisture and temperature


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9ropical ( +limates -ll tropical climates are /arm

t$e su"divisions are "ased on differences in rain 9ropical Rainforest (f +limates located0-1BC :D* #at3


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m- 9ropical monsoonal climate


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; climates - semi-arid to arid

*everal su" categories


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ll ;-climates $ave less t$an !0A of annualprecipitation

; climates are arid (less t$an 10A andcan "e divided furt$er "ased on latitude(temperature

;$- lo/ latitude $ot and dry

;)- mid latitude cool and dry

;$ is a function of .adley cell circulation&occur "et/een 18 and !2C :-* #atitude


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;* climates are semi-arid (more t$an 10A"ut less t$an !0A of rain and can "e

divided furt$er "ased on latitude (temps;*$- lo/ latitude $ot and dry

;*)- mid latitude cool and dry gradational c$ange from climates oneit$er side of t$e ; climates


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+ climates- 'esot$ermal temperatearm summers (E10C+& 'ild inters ("et/een -!to 18C+

nnual moisture distri"ution determinessu"categories


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+-su"categories

+f moisture evenly distri"uted t$roug$out t$e

year+/ 10x t$e amount of moisture in t$e summeras compared to t$e driest /inter mont$

+s !x as muc$ moisture in t$e /inter ascompared to t$e driest summer mont$& at least 1mont$ /it$ less t$an ! cm of precipitation


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+sa called 'editerranean climate•/estern edge of mid-latitude continents

+fa called a .umid su"tropical climate•*out$eastern edge of mid latitude continents

+f" called 'arine /est coast

•estern edge of continents at $ig$er latitudes


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< climates- *evere 'id-latitude

ll $ave severe /inters& s$ort summers t$atrange form $ot in t$e sout$ to cool to t$enort$


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= climates - ?olar :o true summer

+old all year long


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l f $


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5ppen climate regions of t$e *


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9re/art$a climate classification sc$eme - a modifiedversion of the Köppen system.Attempts to redefine the broad climatic groups in such a way

as to be closer to vegetational zoning.Froup - this is the tropical climate group, defined asplaces which do not receive annual winter frosts (in maritimeregions this corresponds closely to the Köppen boundary.!limates with no more than " dry months are classified Ar ,

while others are classified Aw . #here is no specific monsoonclimate identifier.Froup ; - this is identical to the Köppen scheme.Froup + - in the #rewartha scheme this category includessubtropical climates only ($ or more months above %& '!.

#he identifiers are the same as the first two letters of theKöppen identifier - the editerranean climate is denoted !sand the humid subtropical climate, !f or !w .

9 t$ +li t $ (+ ti d


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9re/art$a +limate sc$eme (+ontinuedFroup


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t$er climate classification sc$emes

9$ornt$/aite-"ased $is sc$eme onmoisture effectiveness and temperatureefficiency

•mat$ematical relations$ips easy toidentify from availa"le meteorologicaldata

•lso uses info on season /$en rain orsno/ falls


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Fenetic classification

Hdentifies t$e @$yA of climates firstand uses t$at information to esta"lis$eac$ climatic %one

-/$ic$ air mass dominates


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Vegetation+losely lin)ed to climate

ften used as ?RIJ data for lac) ofclimate dataB distinct veggie %ones

•Gorests trees& many different types offorests

•e3g3, $ard/ood, conifer, rainforest•

chapter 10-reg clim

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