Chapter 10Chapter 10

Prompting and Prompting and Transfer of Stimulus Transfer of Stimulus

ControlControl

Prompting and Transfer of Prompting and Transfer of Stimulus ControlStimulus Control

Used to develop stimulus control Used to develop stimulus control (to get the right behavior to occur at the (to get the right behavior to occur at the right time)right time)

Used to develop new behaviorsUsed to develop new behaviors

Examples:Examples:

Teaching Trevor to hit a baseballTeaching Trevor to hit a baseball

Teaching Natasha to read English wordsTeaching Natasha to read English words

Learning new material for a classLearning new material for a class

Prompting and Transfer of Stimulus Prompting and Transfer of Stimulus

Control is used by:Control is used by:

Teachers Teachers

Coaches Coaches

Parents Parents

TrainersTrainers

What is a Prompt?What is a Prompt?

An antecedent stimulus or event that An antecedent stimulus or event that controls a responsecontrols a response

A prompt gets the behavior to occur in A prompt gets the behavior to occur in the correct situation so the behavior the correct situation so the behavior can be reinforcedcan be reinforced

SSDD + prompt + prompt R R S SRR

Types of PromptsTypes of Prompts

Response promptsResponse prompts

Stimulus promptsStimulus prompts

Response prompts:Response prompts:

Involve the behavior of another personInvolve the behavior of another person

- Verbal prompt- Verbal prompt

- Gestural prompt- Gestural prompt

- Modeling prompt- Modeling prompt

- Physical prompt- Physical prompt

Stimulus prompts:Stimulus prompts:

Involve change in an antecedent Involve change in an antecedent stimulusstimulus

- Within stimulus prompt- Within stimulus prompt

- Extra-stimulus prompt- Extra-stimulus prompt

ExamplesExamples

SD (prompt) ------------> R -------------> SRSD (prompt) ------------> R -------------> SR

Baseball thrown ----> swing the ---------> hit the Baseball thrown ----> swing the ---------> hit the by pitcher bat correctly by pitcher bat correctly baseball, baseball,

(coach’s assistance)(coach’s assistance) get praise get praise

Written word “ENTER” ----> student ----> praiseWritten word “ENTER” ----> student ----> praise(teacher says “enter”)(teacher says “enter”) says “enter” says “enter”

Transfer of Stimulus ControlTransfer of Stimulus Control

Getting the behavior to occur in the Getting the behavior to occur in the presence of the Spresence of the SDD without prompts without prompts

FadingFading

Prompt delayPrompt delay

FadingFading

Gradual removal of a prompt while the response Gradual removal of a prompt while the response occurs in the presence of the Soccurs in the presence of the SDD

Prompt fadingPrompt fading - Gradually removing the response - Gradually removing the response promptprompt

Example: Coach provides less and less physical Example: Coach provides less and less physical assistance to Trevor to hit the ballassistance to Trevor to hit the ball

Stimulus fadingStimulus fading - Gradually removing the - Gradually removing the stimulus promptstimulus prompt

Example: Students look at the answers on the flash Example: Students look at the answers on the flash cards less and less as they learn the answers to cards less and less as they learn the answers to multiplication problemsmultiplication problems

Prompt DelayPrompt Delay

Present the SPresent the SDD, wait X number of seconds, , wait X number of seconds, then present the prompt (if needed)then present the prompt (if needed)

Example: Example: The teacher shows the word to The teacher shows the word to Natasha and waits 4 sec. Natasha and waits 4 sec. If Natasha does not say the word, the teacher If Natasha does not say the word, the teacher says the word as a promptsays the word as a prompt

Using Prompting and FadingUsing Prompting and Fading

1. Choose the most appropriate prompt 1. Choose the most appropriate prompt strategystrategy

2. Get the learner’s attention2. Get the learner’s attention3. Present the S3. Present the SDD

4. Prompt the correct response4. Prompt the correct response5. Reinforce the correct response5. Reinforce the correct response6. Fade the prompts over trials6. Fade the prompts over trials7. Continue to reinforce unprompted 7. Continue to reinforce unprompted

responsesresponses8. Use intermittent reinforcement for 8. Use intermittent reinforcement for

maintenancemaintenance

Using Prompting and Fading to StudyUsing Prompting and Fading to Study

for a Behavior Modification Testfor a Behavior Modification Test

SSDD -----------> R ----------->S -----------> R ----------->SRR

practice test question correct answer self-praisepractice test question correct answer self-praise

(+ prompt)(+ prompt)

Prompt = looking up the correct answerPrompt = looking up the correct answer

Fade prompts until you can answer the question Fade prompts until you can answer the question without looking it upwithout looking it up

Using Index Cards to StudyUsing Index Cards to Study

SSDD - A question on one side - A question on one side

R - Providing the correct answerR - Providing the correct answer

Prompt - The correct answer on the Prompt - The correct answer on the other side of the index cardother side of the index card

Fading - Look at the answer on the Fading - Look at the answer on the card less and less until you can give card less and less until you can give the answer without lookingthe answer without looking