Chapter 10 Launching the New Ship of State 1789-1800 American Pageant

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Chapter 10, American Pageant Chapter 10 Launching the New Ship of State 1789-1800

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PERIOD 3: 1754–1800

Key Concept 3.3 Migration within North America, cooperative interaction, and competition for resources raised questions about boundaries and policies, intensified conflicts among peoples and nations, and led to contests over the creation of a multiethnic, multiracial national identity.

I. In the decades after

American independence,

interactions among different

groups resulted in competition

for resources, shifting

alliances, and cultural

blending.

A) Various American Indian groups

repeatedly evaluated and adjusted their

alliances with Europeans, other tribes,

and the U.S., seeking to limit migration

of white settlers and maintain control of

tribal lands and natural resources.

British alliances with American Indians

contributed to tensions between the U.S.

and Britain.

B) As increasing numbers of migrants

from North America and other parts of

the world continued to move westward,

frontier cultures that had emerged in the

colonial period continued to grow,

fueling social, political, and ethnic

tensions.

C) As settlers moved westward

during the 1780s, Congress

enacted the Northwest ordinance

for admitting new states; the

ordinance promoted public

education, the protection of

private property, and a ban on

slavery in the Northwest

Territory.

An ambiguous relationship

between the federal

government and American

Indian tribes contributed to

problems regarding treaties

and American Indian legal

claims relating to the seizure

of their lands.

E) The Spanish, supported by

the bonded labor of the local

American Indians, expanded

their mission settlements into

California; these provided

opportunities for social

mobility among soldiers and

led to new cultural blending.

II. The continued presence of

European powers in North

America challenged the

United States to find ways to

safeguard its borders,

maintain neutral trading

rights, and promote its

economic interests.

A) The United States government

forged diplomatic initiatives aimed at

dealing with the continued British and

Spanish presence in North America, as

U.S. settlers migrated beyond the

Appalachians and sought free navigation

of the Mississippi River.

B) War between France and

Britain resulting from the French

Revolution presented challenges

to

the United States over issues of

free trade and foreign policy and

fostered political disagreement.

C) George Washington’s

Farewell Address encouraged

national unity, as he

cautioned against political

factions and warned about the

danger of permanent foreign

alliances.

Checklist of Learning Objectives

After mastering this chapter, you should be able to:

1. State why George Washington was pivotal to inaugurating the new federal government.

2. Describe the methods and policies Alexander Hamilton used to put the federal government on a sound financial footing.

3. Explain how the conflict between Hamilton and Jefferson led to the emergence of the first political parties.

4. Describe the polarizing effects of the French Revolution on American foreign and domestic policy and politics from 1790 to 1800.

5. Explain the rationale for Washington’s neutrality policies, including the conciliatory Jay’s Treaty and why the treaty provoked Jeffersonian outrage.

6. Describe the causes of the undeclared war with France, and explain Adams’s decision to seek peace rather than declare war.

7. Describe the poisonous political atmosphere that produced the Alien and Sedition Acts and the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions.

8. Describe the contrasting membership and principles of the Hamiltonian Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans, and how they laid the foundations of the American

political party system.

SHORT ANWSER

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:

1. John Adams

2. Thomas Jefferson

3. Alexander Hamilton

4. Henry Knox

5. John Jay

6. Citizen Edmond Genêt

7. Talleyrand

8. Matthew Lyon

9. James Madison

10. Little Turtle

Define and state the historical significance of the following:

11. funding at par

12. strict construction

13. assumption

14. implied powers

15. protective tariff

16. agrarian

17. excise tax

18. compact theory

19. nullification

20. amendment

21. impressment

Describe and state the historical significance of the following:

1. 22. Bank of the United States

2. 23. Bill of Rights

3. 24. French Revolution

4. 25. Jay's Treaty

5. 26. Convention of 1800

6. 27. Neutrality Proclamation of 1793

7. 28. Whiskey Rebellion

8. 29. Ninth Amendment

9. 30. Federalists

10. 31. Tenth Amendment

11. 32. Pinckney Treaty

12. 33. Alien and Sedition Acts

13. 34. Battle of Fallen Timbers

14. 35. Farewell Address

15. 36. Virginia and Kentucky resolutions

16. 37. Democratic-Republicans

17. 38. Judiciary Act of 1789

18. 39. Treaty of Greenville

19. 40. XYZ affair

20. 41. Miami Confederacy

Notes: Fill in Outline

Chapter 10 - Launching the New Ship of State

I. Growing Pains

II. Washington for President

III. The Bill of Rights

IV. Hamilton Revives the Corpse of Public Credit

V. Customs Duties and Excise Taxes

VI. Hamilton Battles Jefferson for a Bank

VII. Mutinous Moonshiners in Pennsylvania

VIII. The Emergence of Political Parties

IX. The Impact of the French Revolution

X. Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation

XI. Embroilments with Britain

XII. Jay’s Treaty and Washington’s Farewell

XIII. John Adams Becomes President

XIV. Unofficial Fighting with France

XV. Adams Puts Patriotism Above Party

XVI. The Federalist Witch Hunt

XVII. The Virginia (Madison) and Kentucky (Jefferson) Resolutions

XVIII. Federalists Versus Democratic-Republicans

Applying What You Have Learned

9. What were the most important steps that George Washington took to establish the authority and prestige of the new federal government under the Constitution?

10. Explain the purpose and significance of the Bill of Rights. Did these Ten Amendments significantly weaken the authority of the federal government, or actually enhance it?

11. What were Hamilton’s basic economic and political goals, and how did he attempt to achieve them?

12. What were the philosophical and political disagreements between Hamilton and Jefferson that led to the creation of the first American political parties?

13. What were the basic goals of Washington’s and Adams’s foreign policies, and how successful were they in achieving them?

14. How did divisions over foreign policy, especially the French Revolution, poison American politics and threaten the fledgling nation’s unity in the 1790s?

15. In foreign policy, the Federalists believed that the United States needed to build a powerful national state to gain equality with the great powers of Europe, while the

Republicans believed the country should isolate itself from Europe and turn toward the West. What were the strengths and weaknesses of each policy, and why was the

Republicans’ view generally favored by most Americans in the 1800s?

16. Although Federalists and Republicans engaged in extremely bitter political struggles during this period, they both retained their commitment to the American experiment,

and in 1800, power was peacefully handed from Federalists to Republicans. What shared beliefs and experiences enabled them to keep the nation together, despite their deep

disagreements? Was there ever a serious danger that the new federal government could have collapsed in civil war?

HIPP

Congression

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Matthew

Lyon’s fight

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with the

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representativ

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Griswold.

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Context:

Intended

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Author’s

Purpose:

Author’s

Point of

View:

Notes