chapter 10: cell cycle

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Interest Grabber

Getting Through

Materials move through cells by diffusion. Oxygen and food move into cells, while waste products move out of cells. How does the size of a cell affect how efficiently materials get to all parts of a cell?

Work with a partner to complete this activity.

Section 10-1

1. On a sheet of paper, make a drawing of a cell that has the following dimensions: 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm. Your partner should draw another cell about one half the size of your cell on a separate sheet of paper.

2. Compare your drawings. How much longer do you think it would taketo get from the cell membrane to the center of the big cell than from the cell membrane to the center of the smaller cell?

3. What is the advantage of cells being small?

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Section Outline

10–1 Cell GrowthA. Limits to Cell Growth

1. DNA “Overload”

2. Exchanging Materials

3. Ratio of Surface Area to Volume

4. Cell Division

Section 10-1

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Cell Size

Surface Area (length x width x 6)

Volume (length x width x height)

Ratio of Surface Area to Volume

Ratio of Surface Area to Volume in Cells

Section 10-1

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Interest Grabber

Cell Cycle

The cell cycle represents recurring events that take place in the period of time from the beginning of one cell division to the beginning of the next. In addition to cell division, the cell cycle includes periods when the cell is growing and actively producing materials it needs for the next division.

Section 10-2

1. Why is the cell cycle called a cycle?

2. Why do you think that it is important for a cell to grow in size during its cell cycle?

3. What might happen to a cell if all events leading up to cell division took place as they should, but the cell did not divide?

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Section Outline

10–2 Cell DivisionA. Chromosomes

B. The Cell Cycle

C. Events of the Cell Cycle

D. Mitosis

1. Prophase

2. Metaphase

3. Anaphase

4. Telophase

E. Cytokinesis

Section 10-2

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includes

is divided into is divided into

Concept Map

Section 10-2

Cell Cycle

M phase (Mitosis)

Interphase

G1 phase S phase ProphaseG2 phase Metaphase TelophaseAnaphase

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A. Chromosomes

1. Made up of DNA

2. Only seen during cell division (M phase)

3. Most of the time DNA is hanging out in nucleus as chromatin – granular

material

4. Before cell division, DNA replicates itself

5. During prophase, 1st phase in mitosis chromatin condenses to form replicated chromosomes

6. Because of DNA replication, each replicated chromosome has 2 identical “sister” chromatids

7. Sister chromatids are joined at the centromere, center of chromosome

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M phase

G2 phase

S phase

G1 phase

Figure 10–4 The Cell Cycle

Section 10-2

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Centrioles

Chromatin

Interphase

Nuclear envelope

Cytokinesis

Nuclear envelope reforming

Telophase

Anaphase

Individual chromosomes

Metaphase

Centriole

Spindle

CentrioleChromosomes

(paired chromatids)

Prophase

Centromere

Spindle forming

Section 10-2

Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis

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C. Mitosis (M Phase)

1. Prophase

a. Longest phase

b. Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes

c. Centrioles separate and move to opposite ends of the nucleus

d. Spindle fibers come out of centrioles and attach to chromosomes centromere

e. Nucleolus disappears

f. Nuclear envelope breaks down

Mitosis Animation