chapter 1 - the caribbean

7/27/2019 Chapter 1 - The Caribbean

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1. IDENTIFICATION OF ALL TERRITORIAL UNITS IN THE REGION

(a) Locate the following:

i. The rest of the world

ii. The USA

iii. Canadaiv. Latin America

v. Africa

vi. Europevii. Asia

viii. The Middle East

(b) Identify French, Dutch, English and Spanish

speaking countries

(c) Examine the main geographical features of all Units.

At the end of the unit, students should be able to:-

1. Identify locations on the globe that are of

historical and current significance to peoples ofthe Caribbean.

2. Discuss the geographical features of theCaribbean and how they contribute to the

development of the region.

3. Differentiate between the regions of the

Caribbean. (Greater and Lesser Antilles, and

Leeward and Winward Islands, the Franco and

Anglophone, Dutch Antilles and Hispanic

Caribbean) and identify their political, economicand social features.

MAP OF THE CARIBBEAN

Prepared by G.Ledgister, Montego Bay Community College
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:CaribbeanIslands.png


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Caribbean Region: selected geographical data

Country CapitalPopulation

(k)Physical Size

(sq. km)Maximum

Elevation (m)*Rock Type

Antigua St. Johns 64.3 280 403 L/V

Bahamas Nassau 283.7 11,826 100 L

Barbados Bridgetown 259.2 440 338 L/S

Belize Belmopan 235.9 - - -

B V I Road Town 19.2 174 518 S/M/V

Cayman Is. George Town 39.3 241 15 L

Cuba Havana 11,096.4 110,922 1,972 L/S/M

Dominica Roseau 64.9 790 1,422 V

Dominican Republic Santo Domingo 8,129.7 48,730 3,175 V/L

Grenada St. George's 97.0 345 840 V

Guadeloupe Basse-Terre 420.9 1,702 1,467 -

Guyana Georgetown 702.2 - - -

Haiti Port-au-Prince 6,884.3 27,750 2,680 -

Jamaica Kingston 2,652.4 11,424 2,557 L/S/MMartinique Fort-de-France 411.6 1,090 1,397 V

Montserrat Plymouth 12.8 84 742 V

Netherland/Antilles

Willemstad 207.8 960 862 -

Puerto Rico San Juan 3,887.7 8,897 1,065 L/S/M

St. Kitts Basseterre 42.8 176 1,156 V

St. Lucia Castries 154.0 603 951 V

St. Vincent Kingstown 120.5 389 1,179 V

Suriname Paramaribo 431.2 163,270 1,268 -

Tobago Scarborough 50.0 300 572 M/V

Trinidad Port-of-Spain 1,102.1 4,828 941 L/S/M

Turks & CaicosGrand Turk

(Cockburn Town)16.9 430 49 -

U.S. VirginIslands

Charlotte Amalie 119.8 344 465 S/M/V

*Rock Types: L = Limestone, M = Metamorphic, S = Sedimentary, V = Volcanic.


CLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/04/Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png/350px-T

Caribbean Plate (Tectonics)

http://www.montrosetravel.com/cs_cgeography.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.pnghttp://www.montrosetravel.com/cs_cgeography.htmlhttp://www.montrosetravel.com/cs_cgeography.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png


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GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF THE CARIBBEAN THAT INFLUENCE

DEVELOPMENT.

Volcanoes and Earthquakes.

Volcanoes and earthquakes are related to the movements of the tectonic plates on which the world rests. The earths crust

is broken up into several plates due to movements of magma below the earths surface. A tectonic plate is onethese pieces

that has fragmented and which forms fault lines which are susceptible to earthquakes of greater or lesser magnitudes

depending on the type of movement of the plate.To the right is a picture of the Caribbean Plate on which the Caribbean

rests taken fromhttp://www.montrosetravel.com/cs_cgeography.html. There are three important tectonic plate margins

which experience their own type of movement that you should know about: convergent margins, transform margins and

divergent margins. All of these are present in the Caribbean.

Convergent Margins. At the

convergent margin there is a great

deal of activity. The boundaries

from the two related plates crash

together forcefully and cause

subduction to take place.

Volcanoes result from this action.

Convergent margins in the

Caribbean are found to the East

and West of the region.

Transform Margins. The action

at the transform margin is that of

two plates sliding under each

other. Instead of crashing together

as happens at the convergent

margin, here one plate slides

under the other and creates a vibration that is manifest as an earth-quake. In the Caribbean transform margins exist

to the north and south of the region.

Divergent Margins. There is a divergent margin off the coast of Jamaica. This produces light earthquakes and

represents to pulling apart of two margins. Recently, we have been feeling more earthquakes in Jamaica than

previously. This represents increased activity at the plate boundary. On the previous page there is a map showing

the active volcanoes of the Caribbean. A volcano that is alive, but is not active is called a dormant volcano. An

example of this is the Mount Liamuiga Volcano in St.Kitts that has not erupted in documented memory, but which

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For the most part, land forms were formed as a result of earth movements and activities that took place many years ago,

but the land forms of a territory

affect the way the people develop.

For example, Dominica is very mountainous with dense tropical forests and most settlements are located on the coastline

where roads and other required infrastructure can be found. Consider your country and make a list of the prominent land

forms that are found there and the effect that they have on people.

Active Volcanoes in the Caribbean include Mount Pele in Martinique, Soufriere in St. Vincent, Kick-em-Jenny under the

sea close to Grenada, and the Soufriere Hills in Montserrat. In St. Kitts there is a dormant volcano under Mt. Liamuiga that

scientists are studying carefully because of its proximity to Montserrat. Other dormant volcanoes but which may pose

possible threats for the future are noted in red on the above map. Jamaica too experienced huge volcanic activity in the

early part of the century and though currently dormant there is potential for a future threat.


Active Volcanoes in the Caribbean


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Type of Landforms Positive Effect on Humans Negative Effect on Humans

Sandy beaches Used to attract tourists Without rocks, to protect, the beachis susceptible to sea-surges

Plains Used for farming sugar cane inJamaica, and for building towns

and settlements

Flat and sometimes prone to floodingif drainage is not built.

Volcano Semi-active volcano serves astourist attraction. Eg. Costa Rica

Dangerous in times of eruption, butearly warning systems should be

heeded

Plateau Used by tourists to survey the

landscape, cool

Difficult to get an infrastructure up

the hillside

Peninsula Can be used as a port for ships Often left uninhabited and taken over

by undesirable characters

Hurricanes Rejuvenate the earth, provide jobs

after the hurricane

Dangerous, loss of life, property and

crops can be alerted in advance

Earthquake resulting from plate tectonics Provides data for seismologists Very dangerous, not always

predictable.

Winds and Hurricanes.


Showing different kinds of Landforms some of which are found in the Caribbean.


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HURRICANES. Another prominent geographical feature that affects a number of Caribbean islands is the hurricanes and

storms that prevail. Enchanted Learning athttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/weather/hurricane/formation.shtml

tells us that hurricanes need four conditions to form:

low air pressure

warm temperatures

moist ocean air

tropical winds (near the equator).

Hurricanes form in the tropics, over warm ocean water (over 80F or 27C) and at latitudes between 8 and 20, Hurricanes

form mostly from June through November (hurricane season). These powerful storms are fueled by the heat energy that is

released when water vapor condenses (turns into liquid water -- rain).

It further tells us that a hurricane goes through many stages as it develops:

1. It starts as a tropical wave, a westward-moving area of low air pressure.

2. As the warm, moist air over the ocean rises in the low air pressure area, cold air from above replaces it. This

produces strong gusty winds, heavy rain and thunderclouds that is called a tropical disturbance.

3. As the air pressure drops and there are sustained winds up to 38 miles per hour, it is called a tropical depression.

4. When the cyclonic winds have sustained speeds from 39 to 73 miles per hour, it is called a tropical storm (storms

are given names when they begin to have winds of this speed).

5. The storm becomes a hurricane when there are sustained winds of over 73 miles per hour.

The End of a Storm:

When a hurricane travels over

land or cold water, its energy

source (warm water) is gone

and the storm weakens, quickly

dying.

WINDS

In 1492, without really realizing

it, Columbus owed his success

in the discovery of the

heretofore unknown lands to

the North Atlantic Trade

winds. The above map taken

from

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/weather/hurricane/formation.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/weather/hurricane/formation.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/weather/hurricane/formation.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/weather/hurricane/formation.shtml


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http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/columbus.html allows us to realize the role played by the winds. On

his third voyage, again the lack of winds the Doldrums almost upset the discovery of Trinidad and Tobago, the north

coast of South American and the islands Aruba, Curacao and Bonaire.

The trade winds, which blow east to west across the Atlantic, bring steady breezes (and fast-moving rain showers) to the

Netherlands Antilles and help moderate temperatures in the Windward Islands (Martinique, Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia,

St. Vincent and the Grenadines). The winds give islands like Aruba steady and stable weather, but also create an arid,

desert-like climate.

FRENCH AND DUTCH CARIBBEAN.

The French Caribbean

To the right are some of the French islands. The French

Antilles, Martinique and Guadeloupe, are classified as overseas

department of France. The Capital of Martinique is Fort-de-

France and that of Guadeloupe is BasseTerre. The department

of Guadeloupe comprises the dependencies of Marie-Galane,

Iles des Saintes, to the Sourth, La Desirade to the east, and St.

Bartholemew (Saint Barts) and the northern half of St. Martin

in the North. Martinique is in the Winward group of the Lesser

Antilles. Of volcanic origin, it is the largest of the Lesser

Antilles. In 1902, a volcanic eruption completely destroyed the

original capital, St Pierre. Industries: tourism, sugar, rum, fruits,

cocoa, tobacco, vanilla, vegetables. Area: 1079sq km (417sq

mi). Pop. (1999)381,325.

Haiti and the

mainland territory of French Guiana, previously capital city and port is

Cayenne, are also French speaking territories. Haiti became an independent

nation in 1806 and French Guiana is also an overseas department of France

whose prefect government representative in the French National

Assembly is Jean-Pierre Laflaquire. The capital of French Guiana is

Cayenne and its exports include: shrimp, timber, gold, rum, rosewood

essence, clothing. It imports food (grains, processed meat), machinery and transport equipment, fuels and chemicals. Its

Natural resourcesinclude:bauxite, timber, gold (widely scattered), cinnabar, kaolin, fish. For all these, it has a 22%

unemployment rate, and 83% literacy rate and many of its people are poor. They include black or mulatto 66%, white 12%,

East Indian, Chinese, Amerindian 12%, other 10%. French Guiana is bordered by Suriname to the North West and Brazil

on the South and East.

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/columbus.htmlhttp://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/columbus.htmlhttp://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/columbus.html


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As you will learn in the next chapte, St. Vincent. St. Lucia, Dominica and Trinidad were all settled by the French for a

period of time but were handed over to the English as they gradually won the various European wars in the Caribbean and

established the British Empire across the world. If you were to visit St. Lucia and Dominica you would hear a very heavily

French Patois being spoken is these islands. This is a remnant of their French background. St.Kitts and Grenada were also

occupied by the French for various periods of time in the 17th century.

The Dutch Caribbean.

The Netherlands Antilles previously known as the Netherlands West

Indies or Dutch Antilles is part of the Lesser Antilles and consists of

two groups of islands in the Caribbean Sea: Curaao and Bonaire, just off

the Venezuelan coast, and Sint Eustatius, Saba and Sint Maarten, located

southeast of the Virgin Islands. The islands form an autonomous part of

the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The islands' economy depends mostly

upon tourism andpetroleum.

Both the leeward (Alonso de Ojeda, 1499) and windward (Christopher Columbus, 1493) island groups were discovered and

initially settled by Spain. In the 17th century, the islands were conquered by the Dutch West India Company and were used

as bases for the slave trade. Slavery was not abolished until 1863.

In 1954, the status of islands was promoted from that of a colonial territory, part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as an

associated state within afederacy. The island ofAruba was part of the Netherlands Antilles until 1986, when it was granted

status aparte (i.e. it became a self-governing part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Antilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cura%C3%A7aohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonairehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_Eustatiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_Maartenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alonso_de_Ojedahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1499http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1493http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1863http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arubahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Antilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cura%C3%A7aohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonairehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_Eustatiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_Maartenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alonso_de_Ojedahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1499http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1493http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1863http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arubahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986


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Between June 2000 and April 2005, each island of the Netherlands Antilles had referendums on their future status. The four

options that could be voted on were:

closer ties with the Netherlands

remaining within the Netherlands Antilles

autonomy as a country within the

Kingdom of the Netherlands (status

aparte)

independence

On October 12, 2006, the Netherlands reached an agreement with Saba, Bonaire, and Sint Eustatius; this agreement would

make these islands special municipalities. OnNovember 3, 2006, Curaao and Sint Maarten were granted autonomy in an

agreement, but this agreement was rejected by Curaao onNovember 28. The Curaao government was not sufficiently

convinced that the agreement would provide enough autonomy for Curaao. On July 9, 2007 Curaao approved the

agreement it had rejected in November 2006.

OnFebruary 12,2007, an agreement was signed between the Netherlands and every island except Curaao. This

agreement would end the Netherlands Antilles by December 15, 2008and make 1 billion guilders available for debt

relief, social development and poverty reduction..

Politics.

The head of state is the ruling monarch of theNetherlands, who is represented in the Netherlands Antilles by a governor.

The governor is also head of the local government, and forms, together with the council of ministers, the executive branchof the government.

The legislative branch is two-layered. Delegates of the islands are represented in the government of the Netherlands

Antilles, but each island has its own government that takes care of the daily tasks on the island.

The Netherlands Antilles are not part of theEuropean Union. Since 2006 the islands have been involved in diplomatic

disputes between Venezuela and the Netherlands. Venezuelan President Hugo Chvezclaims that the Netherlands may

allow the United States to install military bases that would be necessary for a planned U.S. invasion of Venezuela. On May

23,2006an international military manoeuver known asJoint Caribbean Lion 2006, including forces of the U.S. Navy,

began.

Future Status

The Netherlands Antilles is to be disbanded on December 15, 2008. The idea of the Netherlands Antilles as a state never

enjoyed full support of all islands. Political relations between islands were often strained. After a long struggle, Aruba

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_branchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_branchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Navyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_branchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_branchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Navyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008


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seceded from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986, to form itsown state within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The desire

for secession has also been strong in Sint Maarten.

In2004a commission of the governments of the Netherlands Antilles and theNetherlands reported on a future status for

the Netherlands Antilles. The commission advised a revision of the Statute of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in order to

dissolve the Netherlands Antilles.

Two new associated states within the Kingdom of the Netherlands would be formed, Curaao and Sint Maarten.

Meanwhile,Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius would become a direct part of the Netherlands as special

municipalities, a form of "public body" as outlined in article 134 of the Dutch Constitution. These municipalities will

resemble ordinary Dutch municipalities in most ways (they will have a mayor, aldermen and a municipal council, for

example) and will have to introduce most Dutch law. Residents of these three islands will also be able to vote in Dutch

national and European elections. There are, however, some derogations for these islands. Social security, for example, will

not be on the same level as it is in the Netherlands, and the islands are not obliged to introduce the euro; they may retain the

Antillean guilderpending further negotiations. Also, it is unknown whetherprostitution and same-sex marriage will

become legal in these islands, which are legal on the mainland of the Netherlands. All five of the island territories may also

continue to access the Common Court of Justice of Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles (with the Joint Court probably

receiving a new name). The three islands will also have to involve the Dutch Minister of Foreign Relations before they can

make agreements with countries in the region.

Originally the term used for Bonaire, Saba and St. Eustatius to describe their expected association with the Netherlands was

"Kingdom Islands". The Dutch province ofNorth Holland has now offered the three new municipalities the opportunity to

become part of the province.

Additionally, the Kingdom government would consist of the government of the Netherlands and one mandated minister per

Caribbean country. The special municipalities would be represented in the Kingdom Government by the Netherlands, as

they can vote for the Dutch parliament.

The Netherlands has proposed that the new EU constitution allow the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba to opt for the status

ofOutermost Region (OMR)also called Ultra Peripheral Region (UPR), if they wish.

AREAS OF THE WORLDTHAT IMPACTED THEDEVELOPMENT OFTHE CARIBBEANWEST AFRICA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_Maartenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cura%C3%A7aohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_Maartenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonairehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonairehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_Eustatiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_securityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_Antillean_guldenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_marriagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Hollandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union#Outermost_regionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union#Outermost_regionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union#Outermost_regionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_Maartenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cura%C3%A7aohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_Maartenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonairehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_Eustatiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_securityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_Antillean_guldenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_marriagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Hollandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union#Outermost_regions


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CHINA



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References:

1. Three marine geographical featuresretrieved fromhttp://www.montrosetravel.com/cs_cgeography.html

on 2 July, 2007

2. Caribbean Map Quiz http://www.lizardpoint.com/fun/geoquiz/caribquiz.htm

http://www.montrosetravel.com/cs_cgeography.htmlhttp://www.lizardpoint.com/fun/geoquiz/caribquiz.htmhttp://www.montrosetravel.com/cs_cgeography.htmlhttp://www.lizardpoint.com/fun/geoquiz/caribquiz.htm


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SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT

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chapter 1 - the caribbean

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