BIOLOGY FORM 4BIOLOGY FORM 4The books needed for this class:The books needed for this class:1.1. Biology F4 – TextbookBiology F4 – Textbook2.2. Biology F4 - Practical BookBiology F4 - Practical Book3.3. Exercise Book – Essays and structuresExercise Book – Essays and structures4.4. Exercise Book – Experiment ReportsExercise Book – Experiment Reports

Exam Format for SPMExam Format for SPMPaper 1 – 50 objective questions (1 hr 15 min)Paper 1 – 50 objective questions (1 hr 15 min)Paper 2 – A. 5 structured questions (2 hr 30 min)Paper 2 – A. 5 structured questions (2 hr 30 min) B. 4 essays (choose 2)B. 4 essays (choose 2) ..Paper 3 – 1 structure question (1 hr 30 min)Paper 3 – 1 structure question (1 hr 30 min) 1 essay (writing an experiment planning)1 essay (writing an experiment planning)

PEKA – Experiment AssessmentPEKA – Experiment Assessment

BIOLOGY FORM 4BIOLOGY FORM 4

CHAP 1: INTRODUCTION TO CHAP 1: INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGYBIOLOGY

1.1 THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY1.1 THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY

`̀BiologyBiology’ – comes from Greek words’ – comes from Greek words `̀BiosBios’ means life, ‘Logos’ means `study’’ means life, ‘Logos’ means `study’ `̀BiologyBiology’ is study of life.’ is study of life.

The importance of BiologyThe importance of Biology

To understand the various interactions To understand the various interactions around usaround us

To improve the quality of environmentTo improve the quality of environmentPrevention and treatment of diseasePrevention and treatment of diseaseTo increase food productionTo increase food productionTo improve the standard of lifeTo improve the standard of life

The different fields of study and careers related to Biology

1.2 THE SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION1.2 THE SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

* Involves the use of scientific skills* Involves the use of scientific skills

* Scientific skillsskills consist of two component consist of two component

1. 1. science process skillsscience process skills - critical, - critical,

analytical and creative thinking skills.analytical and creative thinking skills.

2. 2. manipulative skillsmanipulative skills – psychomotor skills – psychomotor skills

that enable scientists to carry out a that enable scientists to carry out a

scientific investigation.scientific investigation.

The scientific methodThe scientific method

The scientific method is the process of gathering The scientific method is the process of gathering facts based on an observable event or facts based on an observable event or phenomenon.phenomenon.

It involves scientific principles based on the It involves scientific principles based on the following operations which are carried out following operations which are carried out systematically in stages during a scientific systematically in stages during a scientific investigation.investigation.

Example of The scientific methodExample of The scientific method

1. IDENTIFYING A PROBLEM

2. FORMING A HYPOTHESIS

3. PLANNING AN INVESTIGATION

4. IDENTIFYING & CONTROLLING VARIABLES

5. CONDUCTING THE EXPERIMENT

6. COLLECTING DATA OR EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

7. RECORDING DATA

8. ANALYSING & INTERPRETING DATA

9. MAKING CONCLUSION

10. WRITING A REPORT

WRITING THE EXPERIMENT REPORTWRITING THE EXPERIMENT REPORT No. of activityNo. of activity Objective / AimObjective / Aim Problem StatementProblem Statement What type of cells can be observed in the root What type of cells can be observed in the root

and stem of a dicotyledonous and and stem of a dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant?monocotyledonous plant?

3. Hypothesis3. Hypothesis Xylem, phloem, cambium, cortex and epidermisXylem, phloem, cambium, cortex and epidermis can be observed in …….can be observed in …….4. Variables – 4. Variables – manipulated – type of plantsmanipulated – type of plants responding- the type of plant tissuesresponding- the type of plant tissues fixed- the type of microscopefixed- the type of microscope

5. Technique5. Technique Drawing the structure of root and stem of a Drawing the structure of root and stem of a

dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant which was observed under the microscope.which was observed under the microscope.

6. Materials and apparatus6. Materials and apparatus7. Method / Procedure7. Method / Procedure PrecautionPrecaution8. Results8. Results Discussion – answer the questionDiscussion – answer the question9. Conclusion- restate the hipothesis9. Conclusion- restate the hipothesis