chapter 1: georgia’s land and climate study...

Chapter 1:Georgia’s Land and ClimateSTUDY PRESENTATION

© 2010 Clairmont Press

Section 1: Georgia’s Geographic Regions Section 2: Georgia’s Climate and Weather Section 3: Georgia’s Physical Features

2

Section 1: Georgia’s Geographic Regions

!Essential Question• In what ways do Georgia’s geographic regions

differ?

3


!What terms do I need to know? • erosion• fault• elevation• Fall Line• aquifer• marsh

4

Where in the World is • Georgia is:

! in the Western hemisphere! in the Northern hemisphere! in North America! in the southeastern United States! bounded by:

" Tennessee" North Carolina" South Carolina" Atlantic Ocean" Florida" Alabama

5


! in the Northern hemisphere! in the Western hemisphere! in North America! in the southeastern United States! bounded by:


6


! in the Northern hemisphere! in the Western hemisphere! in North America! in the southeastern United States! bounded by:


7


!Georgia has five regions: Appalachian Plateau, Ridge and Valley area, Blue Ridge Mountains, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain.

!Soil, physical features, and climate differ in these regions.

!Differences affect the plant and animal life as well as the history of the region.

!Differences affect how people earn a living as well as where people live.

8

Georgia’s Geographic

Regions

9

! Appalachian Mountains stretch from north Georgia into Canada (over 2000 miles).

! Among the oldest mountains in the world; worn down by thousands of years of erosion.

! The plateau region is the western side of the Appalachian range. It is known for high, scenic bluffs of relative flat lands overlooking wide, beautiful valleys.

! In northwest corner of Georgia and part of the 80 mile-long Lookout Mountain.

! Many caves due to limestone underground.

! Coal and iron mined in the region.

! Cloudland Canyon State Park

Appalachian Plateau Region

10

http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/photogallery/thumbnails/plateau.htm

http://gastateparks.org/CloudlandCanyon?mode=m/

! The Ridge and Valley region has long ridges of mountains, separated by long valleys.

! Chickamauga, Armuchee, and Great Valley are important valleys.

! Valleys have fertile land good for farming.

! Roads and streams follow the valleys. A few roads cross the ridges to connect roads in the valleys.

! Region is divided from the mountains in the east by the Carter’s Dam Fault.

11

Ridge and Valley Region

http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/photogallery/thumbnails/ridgevalley.htm

! The Blue Ridge range is a part of the larger Appalachian Mountains.

! The mountains are more rugged and the valleys randomly arranged as compared to the Ridge and Valley region.

! Most roads follow the winding valleys.

! Elevations of 1,600 to 4,700 feet above sea level give the region a cooler climate.

! Brasstown Bald (4,784 feet) is tallest mountain.

! Appalachian Trail begins here.! Gold has been found in the region,

and marble is an important natural resource.

! Tourists come to hike, view wildlife, canoe, raft, and enjoy trees in their fall colors. 12

Blue Ridge Mountains Region

http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/photogallery/thumbnails/blueridge.htm

! The Piedmont is known for its rolling hills between the mountains and Coastal Plain.

! Plentiful granite and clay soil with fertile farms.

! Many Georgians live in the region.! Rivers flow through the Piedmont,

including the Chattahoochee and Savannah.

! Pine trees as well as hardwood forests (oak, elm, maple, hickory, etc.).

! Southern boundary is the Fall Line.! Changes in rock type cause the

ground to fall away, creating waterfalls at the “fall” line across the state.

! Cities grew along the Fall Line since ships could navigate from the Atlantic to this point (Augusta: Savannah River; Milledgeville:

13

Piedmont Region

http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/photogallery/thumbnails/piedmont.htm

http://www.usca.edu/csrags/fall-line.html

! The Coastal Plain is in the southern half of state and is the largest region.

! Region has underground limestone and sandy soil.

! A part of the Floridan Aquifer (underground water storage region) which stores much fresh water.

! Lower coastal plain has Georgia’s barrier islands, 100 miles of coastline, marshes, and the Okefenokee Swamp.

! Flatland makes for highways that are straight and level.

! Home to many types of wildlife.! Farming is important to the region’s

economy. ! Longleaf pines grew above acres of

wiregrass before the 1800s; railroads made it possible to transport large trees for lumber. There are few of these areas left. 14

Coastal Plain Region

http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/photogallery/thumbnails/coastalplain.htm

Parallels of Latitudes

• The equator divides the earth into northern and southern hemispheres

• Begin at the equator (0°) and work their way toward the North and South Poles

• Determined by measuring the angle from the equator

Parallels of Latitudes

• The number is followed by a N or S to designate whether it is north or south of the equator

• The distance from one degree of latitude to the next is about 69 miles

• Each degree of latitude is further divided into 60 minutes, and each minute is divided into 60 seconds

Meridians of Longitude

• Run north and south around the earth • Prime meridian

– The main meridian on which all other lines of longitude are based

– Runs through Greenwich, England • Great Circle: Line that divides the earth

into two equal hemispheres

Map Projections

• Flat representations of the earth’s round surface

• Distortion occurs when you try to make a round surface a flat surface

• Areas of distortion:

1. Area

2. Shape

3. Distance

4. Direction

Types of Map Projections

• Cylindrical • Azimuthal (Planar) • Conic

Cylindrical Projections

• Mercator’s Projection – 1st important

cylindrical projection

– Distorts area and distance


• Goode’s Interrupted Projection – Shaped like an orange peel – Area remains accurate while distance is

distorted


• Robinson’s Projection – Minimizes (but does not eliminate) all

four areas of distortion

Azimuthal (Planar) Projections

• Beneficial for compact regions • Accurate near the center, but become more distorted near

the edges

Conic Projections• Accurately projects an entire latitude • Beneficial in projecting wide regions

Common Types of Maps

1. Political Maps: Indicate boundaries and major cities

2. Physical Maps: Show mountains, rivers, lakes, and other natural features

3. Topographic Maps: Indicate the shape and elevation of the land

Common Types of Maps

4. Roadmaps: Show primary and secondary transportation routes

5. Climate Maps: Indicate the type of weather in a region

6. Economic or Resource Maps: Show the natural resources and economic activity of a region

CHAPTER 1: THE ONLY SURE FOUNDATION

THE NECESSITY OF GOVERNMENT

any system of public rule or authority

Government

p. 3CHAPTER 1AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

• The Nature of God and His World • The Trinity: basic principle • Three person: Father(head),

Son(submits to father), Holy Spirit(follows the leadership of the Son.

pp. 3-5CHAPTER 1AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

• Mankind Before the Fall • Made in the “image of God” • Creation Mandate • An authority structure


• The Problem of Human Depravity • The severe marring of God’s image in man • Public rule is necessary to protect humans

from themselves. • Death penalty • Anarchy: absence of government • Discussion/Debate


• Human Government on the New Earth • There will be government! • Sin complicates attempts to

achieve just governments in the present


THE OBLIGATIONS OF GOVERNMENT

The central obligation of government is to ensure

justice.


• Governments that are just reward righteousness


• Government officials must punish the unrighteous • Government cannot and should

not punish every wrong action


• Governments should protect rights • Protection from foreign

invasions • Justice requires equality before

the law


Being made in God’s image gives humans their true rights.

The moral code established by the state should reflect the character of

God and honor the rights of humans.


THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE GOVERNED

“certain unalienable rights” constitutional rights

civil rights


• Rights imply duties. • What duties do Christians have

toward the governments under which they live?


• Prayer • Participation

• God wants Christians to govern • Various ways to participate • Believers must learn about

government


• Submission • Government must bring order

and justice to society, which requires citizens who respect its authority

• God is still the highest authority


• Witness • Evangelization • Testify of governments’

responsibility before God


love and devotion to one’s country Patriotism

p. 10CHAPTER 1AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

chapter 1: georgia’s land and climate study...

Documents