Mental Health and Mental Illness

Mark C. Crider, PhD, MSN, RN

Monday August 25, 2014

Describe the continuum of mental health and mental illness.Explore the role of resilience in the prevention of and recovery from mental illness and consider resilience in response to stress.Identify how culture influences the view of mental illnesses and behaviors associated with them.Discuss the nature/nurture origins of psychiatric disorders.Summarize the social influences of mental health care in the United States.Explain how epidemiological studies can improve medical and nursing care.

Identify how theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th edition (DSM-5)is used for diagnosing psychiatric conditions.Describe the specialty of psychiatric mental health nursing and list three phenomena of concern.Compare and contrast aDSM-5medical diagnosis with a nursing diagnosis.Discuss future challenges and opportunities for mental health care in the United States.Describe direct and indirect advocacy opportunities for psychiatric mental health nurses.

Objectives *

Able to recognize own potentialCope with normal stressWork productivelyMake contribution to communityMental Health *

Ability toThink rationallyCommunicate appropriatelyLearnGrow emotionallyBe resilientHave a healthy self-esteemTraits of Mental Health *

Mrs. M is your neighbor. She works full time and is dealing with a troubled teenage son and her elderly parents. She confides in you that she cant deal with her life right now.Case Study *

How could you assess her mental health?Case Study (Cont.) *

Disorders with definable diagnosisSignificant dysfunction in mental functioning related toDevelopmentalBiologicalPhysiological disturbancesCulturally defined

Mental Illness *

Ability and capacity to secure resources needed to support well-beingCharacterized by OptimismSense of masteryCompetenceEssential to recovery (see Chapter 1, p. 7)

Resilience *

Diathesis Biological predispositionStress Environmental stress or traumaMost accepted explanation for mental illness Combination of genetic vulnerability and negative environmental stressorsDiathesis-Stress Model *

Returning to the problem of your neighbor, Mrs. M, who is having difficulty coping with a full-time job, teenage son, and elderly parents, what about your neighbors behavior might indicate a mental illness?Case Study (Cont.) *

Consumer/recovery movementNational Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI)Decade of the brainNew Freedom Commission on Mental Health (see Chapter 1, p. 8 Box 1-2)Mental Health Parity ActSocial Influences on Mental Health Care *

Study distribution of mental disordersIdentify high-risk groupsIdentify high-risk factorsIncidence - # of new cases in a given time periodPrevalence total # of cases, new and existing, in a given time periodEpidemiology of Mental Disorders *

Groups treated for specific mental disorders studied forNatural history of illnessDiagnostic screening testsInterventionsResults used to describe frequency ofMental disordersSymptoms appearing togetherClinical Epidemiology *

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition

Official medical guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association for diagnosing psychiatric disordersSee Chapter 1, p. 11 DSM-5 *

International Classification of DiseasesClinical descriptions of mental and behavior disorders 2 broad classifications Organic Psychotic DisordersOther PsychosesSubclassificationsNeurotic, personality, and other nonpsychotic disorders

ICD-9-CM *

Employ purposeful use of selfUse nursing, psychosocial, neurobiological theories and researchWork with people throughout the life spanEmployed in a variety of settingsPsychiatric Mental Health Nurses *

The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International(NANDA-I) describes a nursing diagnosis as a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses to actual or potential health problems and life processes.

NANDA-I *

Basic LevelAdvanced PracticeEach has clearly defined rolesLevels of Psychiatric Nursing Practice *

Aging populationIncreasing cultural diversityExpanding technologyPatient advocacyLegislative involvementComorbidityFuture Challenges and Roles *

A person has a high level of resilience. Which other characteristic would the nurse expect this person to have?

Optimism Patriotism Aggressiveness Depressed affect

Audience Response Questions *

Which of these mental health problems has the highest annual prevalence in the United States?

Schizophrenia Alzheimers disease Major depressive disorder Generalized anxiety disorderAudience Response Questions *

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