chapt 2 history
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 2Historical and Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior
Ancient views of abnormal behavior
• Possession by spirits, demons, or gods• Ancient treatments:
• Trepination (Stone Age)• Surgery and prayers (ancient Egypt)• Variations on exorcisms
Ancient Greece and Rome
• Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.E.)• Mental disorders have physical
causes• “humors”-four types of body
fluids• Basic classifications of mental
disorders
• Galen (130-200 C.E.)• Refined physical causes of
mental disorders
Ancient China
• Chung Ching (200 C.E.)• Built on traditional Chinese concepts of physical balance
• Physical and mental health interrelated
Middle Ages (500-1500 C.E.)
• Middle East• Scientific approach maintained• Mental hospitals established
• Europe• Focus returns to supernatural causes
• Exorcisms and witch hunts
• China• Shift to supernatural causes
Humanitarian Approaches: Europe
• Europe (approx 1500-1800)• Return to scientific view• Early asylums- terrible conditions
• Prisons
• Pinel (1792)• Improved conditions in Paris hospital
Humanitarian Approaches: America
• Dorothea Dix (1802-1887)• Mental Hygiene movement• Humane hospitals
• Clifford Beers (1876-1943)• Publicized problems with hospitals
Deinstitutionalization
• 1950’s-1970’s• Psychoactive medications• Treatment in community• Problems: insufficient community resources
Contemporary views
• Development of mental disorders classification system• Kraepelin (1856-1926)
• Dementia praecox• Manic depression
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)
• Biological discoveries• Psychological causation• Experimental psychological research