changing the narrative: from counting infrastructure to monitoring services
TRANSCRIPT
Harold Lockwood
Aguaconsult
Brisbane, Australia May 2011
Session B3.B
CHANGING THE NARRATIVE: FROM
COUNTING INFRASTRUCTURE TO
MONITORING SERVICES
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WHAT DOES ‘COVERAGE’ MEAN IN PRACTICE?
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30% - 40% of hand pumps in Africa do not function at any one time
Measuring coverage (systems built or people served) does not account for actual services delivered
Functionality is a one-off check which cannot measure sustainability
Functionality over time is a better measure, but is still insufficient
CHALLENGES WITH CURRENT MONITORING?
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MONITORING IN 13 COUNTRY STUDY
Country Descriptor RatesBenin Functionality of water facilities 73% (handpumps)
69% (small piped systems)Burkina Faso Functionality of water facilities 82% (handpumps)
66% (small piped systems)Ethiopia Functionality of water facilities 67%
Ghana Functionality of water facilities
Honduras Composite indicator classifying performance of service into four levels
78% not classified as requiring major intervention
India Extent of slippage1 30%
Mozambique Functionality – for handpumps only 85%
Uganda Functionality of water facilities 81%
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MONITORING UNDER A SERVICE DELIVERY APPROACH
• The services provided – including service levels
2. The service providers
3. The service authorities
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MONITORING SERVICES
The water service can be monitored for:
Reliability (downtime)
Affordability (cost per unit)
Quantity (l/p/d available)
Quality (normative criteria)
Round trip time or distance (< 30 mins.)
Numbers sharing access (crowding)
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THE SERVICE LADDER APPROACH
High service: 60l/c/d on demand
Intermediate service: 40l/c/d <30 min/day
Basic service: 20l/c/d <30 min/day
Sub-standard: lacking basic criteria
No service: poor quality, distant etc
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MONITORING SERVICE PROVIDERS
Service provider functions:
Technical (maintenance and repairs)
Financial (tariffs, accounts)
Management and organisational (record keeping, dispute resolution)
Other roles (hygiene promotion, water source protection activities etc)
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MONITORING SERVICE PROVIDERS - NICARAGUA
ABOVE AVERAGE ACCEPTABLE BELOW AVERAGE
ORGANISATIONAL • Committeefunctioning with allmembers active;
• Committeefunctioning, but incomplete;
• Committee not functioning;
• Decisions made in previous month respected and adhered to by community;
•Decisions made by committee in previous month not universally agreed on nor respected;
• No decisions taken in previous month;
• Committee functions without external support.
• Committee functions, but with some need for external support
• Organization impossible without external support.
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MONITORING SERVICE AUTHORITIES
District level government often has responsibility to ensure water provision:
Enforcement of bye-laws
Planning and coordination
Letting of contracts
Support to service providers
‘Regulation’ of services and providers
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SERVICE AUTHORITY INDICATORS - GHANA
Score
DWST does not monitor O&M of water facilities in terms of financial, technical and administrative performance.
0
DWST monitors O&M of water facilities in terms of financial, technical and administrative performance, but does not (immediately) provide the direct support when needed.
25
DWST monitors O&M of water facilities in terms of financial, technical and administrative performance, but does not (immediately) provide the direct support when needed.
50
DWST monitors O&M of water facilities in terms of financial, technical and administrative performance, and provides direct support where needed when challenges are identified.
75
DWST monitors O&M of water facilities in terms of financial, technical and administrative performance, including periodic audits, and provides direct support where needed. (CWSA standard)
100
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Monitoring is only useful if it leads to action
MAKING USE OF THE OUTPUTS
So what?
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SIAR HONDURAS – CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
Category and status of the system
Recommended intervention
A: System functions well Activities geared towards optimizing community participation and continued strengthening of management tasks by the water committee
B: system may be working but with management gaps - sustainability at risk
Supporting and strengthening management capacity. Supporting accountability and participation of the users.
C: System functions only partially – both management and physical deficiencies
Same as B, but support to the water committee in defining the works that need to be done, their budgeting and identifying of sources of funding.
D: System is in bad management and physical state
Define feasibility to be considered in future investment plans.
Monitoring data used to inform planning decisions and proactive interventions at local level – classification allows identification of risk factors
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TARGETS FOR SUSTAINABILITY OF SERVICES
Uganda has formalised targets for sustainable services: Eleven ‘golden’ indicators, including
functionality League tables with performance targets Trend analysis over time – consolidated
reporting 86% for 2009/2010 and 90% for
2014/2015
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Act on data collection results
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR A SERVICE DELIVERY APPROACH Monitor services (what the user
really experiences), as well as coverage
Monitoring services has cost implications – incremental, small changes and benefits
Strengthen existing monitoring systems to support improved performance management
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WATER SERVICES THAT LAST
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