changing relations australia, britain and the usa
TRANSCRIPT
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Changing relationsAustralia, Britain and the USA
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The mother country
• Australia was colonised by the British in 1788.
• From here the British has had a huge impact on Australia.
• It was because of the British Europeans started to settle the land and implement government, laws and agriculture.
• The British continued with this up until the 1850s
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The mother country• From the 1850s onwards the
British still had massive influence however the colonies in Australia were lead by established Australians.
• This was the trend up until the 1890’s when many Australians including colony leaders wanted to become a recognised nation
• In 1901 Australia became a nation
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The mother country• However this particular
declaration of independence was only to become a recognised nation in the commonwealth.
• Australia and Britain still remained close allies.
• Between 1899 and 1902 16,000 Australians volunteered to fight with British soldiers in the Boer war.
• The Australian involvement was to show that Australia still had commitment to the mother country
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The mother country
• Australian and British relations revolved around a military basis.
• Once the Australian government became independent of the British Australia became extremely close allies.
• The next time Australia was called upon for support was the first world war in 1914.
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The mother country• During the first world war we
became directly involved because of British involvement in the war.
• The allies proved to strong and defeated the Germany forces in 1918.
• Between the wars Australia’s relations with the British stayed strong.
• From federation until the second world war economic and trade links were particularly strong between the two countries
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The mother country• Again in 1939 when Germany
violated the treaty of Versailles, the allies had no other choice than to declare war upon Germany again.
• On the 3rd of September Robert Menzies declared it was our melancholy duty to aid Britain and stop German aggression
• This war would be unlike any other war in Australian history
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The change• In August 1941 the empire of
Japan bombed Pearl Harbor and this effectively brought America into the war.
• After this the Japanese went on a mission to take control of the pacific.
• When John Curtin became prime minister in 1941 he was faced with an immanent threat of invasion.
• Singapore had just fallen to the Japanese and Australia had become faced with a major problem.
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The change• Following the fall of Singapore
the Japanese directly attacked Australia in the bombing of Darwin and the midget submarine attack in Sydney.
• Along with this America had begun using Australia as a base to wage war in the pacific against the Japanese.
• It was clear that support of the war in the pacific was needed to protect our national security.
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The change• In 1941 John Curtin made a
speech to the Australian public.• This speech was the turning
point for Australia during the war and also changed the future direction of the Australian economy and trade links.
• From here Australian troops were withdrawn from the middle east and North Africa to come and protect the Australian boarders.
• This meant the war in the pacific.
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The change
• Britain was outraged, they wanted troops to stay and help the British cause.
• However it was of utmost importance to win the war in the pacific.
• This meant that supporting the United States.
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The change
• The view that Australia was trying to sever any relations with the British is incorrect.
• It was a yearning for Australia to make its own decisions and to develop independence.
• It also allowed Australia to protect its own national security.
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The change• There were also a number of
reasons why the public supported the change.
• Many Australians had developed a cynicism towards Britain.– Botched landing in Gallipoli– Poor leadership on the western
front– Bodyline ashes series
• There was a difference in imperial thinking and Australian interests
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Activity
• Research the Westminster act 1942 and the Australian act 1986
• Research Australian-Us relations post WW2 until the present
• Research any alliances the two countries have, look at when it was formed, what the alliance is and how Australia has been effected by this alliance.– Military– Political– Economic