changes in state phase changes. define freezing temperature in terms of observable and measurable...

Changes in State Phase Changes

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Changes in State Phase Changes

• Define freezing temperature in terms of observable and measurable characteristics.

• Construct and interpret heating and cooling graphs from experimental data.

• Predict the ranking of normal freezing temperatures of a series of compounds, and explain reasons for the ranking.

Page 3: Changes in State Phase Changes. Define freezing temperature in terms of observable and measurable characteristics. Construct and interpret heating and

Melting or Fusion

· Solid is heated (energy is absorbed).· Energy is utilized to overcome IMFs.· Particles move more freely - liquid. · Characteristic Property (melting point)

(s) (l)

Page 4: Changes in State Phase Changes. Define freezing temperature in terms of observable and measurable characteristics. Construct and interpret heating and

(l) (g)

There are two types of vaporization:evaporation

and boiling (characteristic property)

Vaporization

· Energy is absorbed to break IMFs further· Even more particle freedom.· Gases form and escape.

Page 5: Changes in State Phase Changes. Define freezing temperature in terms of observable and measurable characteristics. Construct and interpret heating and

Evaporation: particles on the surface of the liquid have enough energy to overcome the IMFs.

Boiling - bubbles forming at the bottom and rising to the top where the vapour is released.

Page 6: Changes in State Phase Changes. Define freezing temperature in terms of observable and measurable characteristics. Construct and interpret heating and

Particles on the surface have fewer IMFs than other particles.

Page 7: Changes in State Phase Changes. Define freezing temperature in terms of observable and measurable characteristics. Construct and interpret heating and

· Kinetic energy of the particles decreases as it cools.· Particles slow down, IMFs take hold.· Energy released to surroundings.

(g) (l)Condensation

Page 8: Changes in State Phase Changes. Define freezing temperature in terms of observable and measurable characteristics. Construct and interpret heating and

(l) (s)

· Particles slow down even more.· IMFs increase and hold stronger.· Energy is lost to surroundings.· Particles arrange into the organized patterns.

Freezing or Solidification

Page 9: Changes in State Phase Changes. Define freezing temperature in terms of observable and measurable characteristics. Construct and interpret heating and

Sublimation

Deposition

(s) (g)

(g) (s)

Page 10: Changes in State Phase Changes. Define freezing temperature in terms of observable and measurable characteristics. Construct and interpret heating and

decrease particle motion

incr

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Kin

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Ene

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increase IMFs

decrease IMFs decrease Kinetic E

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