change of ecosystems over time new ecosystems begin when volcanoes form new islands fire burns...

Change of Ecosystems Over Time


New Ecosystems begin when

New Ecosystems begin when

Volcanoes form new islands Fire burns all vegetation in an

area Glacier recedes, exposing bare

rock Farming

Volcanoes form new islands Fire burns all vegetation in an

area Glacier recedes, exposing bare

rock Farming



Pioneer Species

Pioneer Species

**Pioneer Species: first organisms to live in a new habitat

Small, fast growing plants

Make ground hospitable for others

Will be outcompeted and replaced by other plant immigrants, later on

**Pioneer Species: first organisms to live in a new habitat

Small, fast growing plants

Make ground hospitable for others

Will be outcompeted and replaced by other plant immigrants, later on



Succession

Succession

**Primary Succession- occurs where plants have not grown before

**Secondary Succession- occurs where plants have grown before

No two successions are alike – doesn’t always lead to the same final community

**Primary Succession- occurs where plants have not grown before

**Secondary Succession- occurs where plants have grown before

No two successions are alike – doesn’t always lead to the same final community

Glacier Bay Succession

Example

Glacier Bay Succession

Example Glacier Bay Alaska Glacier melts and recedes

exposing bare ground

Bare ground is rocky, and nutrient poor

Pioneer seeds and spores and begin to grow close to ground

Root growing plants seeds blow in begin to grow

Eventually large hemlocks and spruces take over

Glacier Bay Alaska Glacier melts and recedes

exposing bare ground

Bare ground is rocky, and nutrient poor

Pioneer seeds and spores and begin to grow close to ground

Root growing plants seeds blow in begin to grow

Eventually large hemlocks and spruces take over

Try ThisTry This

Imagine a large forest fire destroyed all of the vegetation in an area

Starting at time zero, draw the stages representing the succession that would occur

You should have at least four stages

Imagine a large forest fire destroyed all of the vegetation in an area

Starting at time zero, draw the stages representing the succession that would occur

You should have at least four stages

Try ThisTry This

Whiteboards – Quick QuestionsWhiteboards – Quick QuestionsWhat is the difference between

ecosystems and communities?What is the difference between

ecosystems and communities?

Whiteboards – Quick QuestionsWhiteboards – Quick QuestionsAfter a forest fire,

what is the most likely order in which these stages appeared?

(1) D→C→A→B (2) B→D→C→A(3) A→B→C→D (4) B→C→D→A

After a forest fire, what is the most likely order in which these stages appeared?

(1) D→C→A→B (2) B→D→C→A(3) A→B→C→D (4) B→C→D→A

Whiteboards – Quick QuestionsWhiteboards – Quick QuestionsWhich statement describes an

activity of a decomposer?(1) A mushroom digests and absorbs

nutrients from organic matter.(2) A sunflower uses nutrients from

the soil to make proteins.(3) A snail scrapes algae off rocks in

an aquarium. (4) A hawk eats and digests a mouse.

Which statement describes an activity of a decomposer?

(1) A mushroom digests and absorbs nutrients from organic matter.

(2) A sunflower uses nutrients from the soil to make proteins.

(3) A snail scrapes algae off rocks in an aquarium.

(4) A hawk eats and digests a mouse.

Whiteboards – Quick QuestionsWhiteboards – Quick QuestionsA relationship between a

consumer and producer is best illustrated by a

(1) snake eating a bird (2) tree absorbing minerals (3) fungus breaking down wastes (4) deer eating grass

A relationship between a consumer and producer is best illustrated by a

(1) snake eating a bird (2) tree absorbing minerals (3) fungus breaking down wastes (4) deer eating grass

Whiteboards – Quick QuestionsWhiteboards – Quick QuestionsWhich statement represents a characteristic of

an ecosystem that is not likely to sustain itself? (1) The Sun provides the needed energy. (2) Energy is transferred from plants to animals.

(3) There are more consumers than producers. (4) There are interactions between biotic and

abiotic factors.

Which statement represents a characteristic of an ecosystem that is not likely to sustain itself?

(1) The Sun provides the needed energy. (2) Energy is transferred from plants to animals.

(3) There are more consumers than producers. (4) There are interactions between biotic and

abiotic factors.

Whiteboards – Quick QuestionsWhiteboards – Quick Questions

Give an example of an abiotic and a biotic factor

Give an example of an abiotic and a biotic factor

Whiteboards – Quick QuestionsWhiteboards – Quick QuestionsOne way humans can promote the

survival of organisms in an ecosystem is to

(1) decrease diversity in plant habitats (2) introduce new consumers to control

autotrophs (3) release extra CO2 into the

atmosphere to help autotrophs (4) learn about the interactions of

populations

One way humans can promote the survival of organisms in an ecosystem is to

(1) decrease diversity in plant habitats (2) introduce new consumers to control

autotrophs (3) release extra CO2 into the

atmosphere to help autotrophs (4) learn about the interactions of

populations

Whiteboards – Quick QuestionsWhiteboards – Quick QuestionsThe diagram

best represents(1) a population(2) an ecosystem

(3) a community(4) the biosphere

The diagram best represents(1) a population(2) an ecosystem

(3) a community(4) the biosphere

Whiteboards – Quick QuestionsWhiteboards – Quick QuestionsA bird may best be described as(1) a decomposer that most likely feeds

on nectar (a sugary liquid) from flowers(2) a heterotroph that may eat insects

and is more closely related to a robin than to an earthworm

(3) a scavenger that feeds on animals and reproduces asexually

(4) an autotroph that probes tree bark for insects and is pathogenic

A bird may best be described as(1) a decomposer that most likely feeds

on nectar (a sugary liquid) from flowers(2) a heterotroph that may eat insects

and is more closely related to a robin than to an earthworm

(3) a scavenger that feeds on animals and reproduces asexually

(4) an autotroph that probes tree bark for insects and is pathogenic

Whiteboards – Quick Questions (Energy Flow) Whiteboards – Quick Questions (Energy Flow) Which row in the chart correctly identifies characteristics

that can be associated with the members of this food chain?

Which row in the chart correctly identifies characteristics that can be associated with the members of this food chain?

Whiteboards – Quick Questions (Energy Flow) Whiteboards – Quick Questions (Energy Flow) Human activity caused a sharp

decline in small invertebrate populations. Based on the food web, a likely consequence of this change would be

(1) an increase in the number of clams

(2) a decrease in the number of water plants

(3) an increase in the number of crabs

(4) a decrease in the number of crayfish

Human activity caused a sharp decline in small invertebrate populations. Based on the food web, a likely consequence of this change would be

(1) an increase in the number of clams

(2) a decrease in the number of water plants

(3) an increase in the number of crabs

(4) a decrease in the number of crayfish

Whiteboards – Quick Questions (Energy Flow) Whiteboards – Quick Questions (Energy Flow)

Which concept is best represented in the diagram below?

(1) random mutations (3) genetic engineering (2) ecological succession(4) direct harvesting

Which concept is best represented in the diagram below?

(1) random mutations (3) genetic engineering (2) ecological succession(4) direct harvesting

Whiteboards – Quick Questions (Energy Flow) - END

Whiteboards – Quick Questions (Energy Flow) - END

Which process initially provides the link between an abiotic factor and the energy needs of an entire ecosystem?

(1) respiration (2) photosynthesis(3) decomposition (4) predation

Which process initially provides the link between an abiotic factor and the energy needs of an entire ecosystem?

(1) respiration (2) photosynthesis(3) decomposition (4) predation

Whiteboards – Quick Questions (Energy Flow) Whiteboards – Quick Questions (Energy Flow) Draw a food chain for the following

organisms: Snake, grass, owl, rabbit

Use your food chain to label the primary producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and the tertiary consumer

Draw a food chain for the following organisms:

Snake, grass, owl, rabbit

Use your food chain to label the primary producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and the tertiary consumer


This diagram can be used to represent the

(1) dependency of animal survival on physical conditions in an ecosystem

(2) loss of energy from various groups of organisms in an ecosystem

(3) competition among species in an ecosystem

(4) mechanisms that maintain homeostasis in the plants in an ecosystem

This diagram can be used to represent the

(1) dependency of animal survival on physical conditions in an ecosystem

(2) loss of energy from various groups of organisms in an ecosystem

(3) competition among species in an ecosystem

(4) mechanisms that maintain homeostasis in the plants in an ecosystem


Which species would most likely be a decomposer?

(1) A (2) C (3) B (4) D

Which species would most likely be a decomposer?

(1) A (2) C (3) B (4) D

Which statement best describes the diagram?

(1) Community A is the most stable community.

(2) Community B replaced community C after a period of 100 years.

(3) Community C developed into community A after a period of 75 years.

(4) Community D modified the environment, making it more suitable for community E.

Which statement best describes the diagram?

(1) Community A is the most stable community.

(2) Community B replaced community C after a period of 100 years.

(3) Community C developed into community A after a period of 75 years.

(4) Community D modified the environment, making it more suitable for community E.


A decrease in the grass population will most immediately decrease the available energy for the

(1) mouse (2) snake (3) hawk (4) frog

A decrease in the grass population will most immediately decrease the available energy for the

(1) mouse (2) snake (3) hawk (4) frog


Which organisms are carnivores?

(1) grass and trees (2) mouse, rabbit,

and cricket (3) deer and

mountain lion (4) frog, snake, and

hawk

Which organisms are carnivores?

(1) grass and trees (2) mouse, rabbit,

and cricket (3) deer and

mountain lion (4) frog, snake, and

hawk

Chapter 16Quiz Tomorrow-Food Web Lab

Due Today

Chapter 16Quiz Tomorrow-Food Web Lab

Due Today

Cycling of Materials in Ecosystems


Biogeochemical Cycles


Biogeochemical Cycles: Elements are constantly recycled and reused to maintain the health of ecosystems

Substances enter living organisms, then return to the nonliving environment

Biogeochemical Cycles: Elements are constantly recycled and reused to maintain the health of ecosystems

Substances enter living organisms, then return to the nonliving environment





Three Main Cycles:

Water CycleCarbon CycleNitrogen Cycle

Three Main Cycles:

Water CycleCarbon CycleNitrogen Cycle

Water CycleWater Cycle

Carbon CycleCarbon Cycle

Nitrogen CycleNitrogen Cycle

change of ecosystems over time new ecosystems begin when volcanoes form new islands fire burns...

Documents

grass slide

bare ground bare ground

time succession

bare rock farming slide

whiteboards quick questions

final community slide

plants seeds

area glacier