chandler nanolubricants presentation for thecis

7/30/2019 Chandler Nanolubricants Presentation for THECIS

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NanolubricantsNanolubricantsSpecialty Lubricant Additives That Reduce Wear in Heavy EquipmenSpecialty Lubricant Additives That Reduce Wear in Heavy Equipmentt

Dr. Brett ChandlerDr. Brett Chandler


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The Real Cost of Lubrication

Has little to do with the cost of theHas little to do with the cost of the

lubricantlubricant

Real CostReal Cost is measured by the costsis measured by the costs

associated with the failure to have theassociated with the failure to have the

right lubricant, in the right place, at theright lubricant, in the right place, at theright time.right time.


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Introduction - Tribology

Tribology is concerned with theTribology is concerned with the

science and the technology of thescience and the technology of theinterface of two or more surfacesinterface of two or more surfaces

in relative motion and contactin relative motion and contact

.The Study of Friction, Wear, and Lubrication.The Study of Friction, Wear, and Lubrication


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The Lubricant Market

FACT: Scientific research has shown that ~0.4% ofgross domestic product could be saved in terms of energy in

western industrialized countries if current tribologicalknowledge, i.e. the science of friction, wear and lubrication,

was just applied to lubricated processes. *Lubricants and Lubrication 2nd Ed.

That is a potential savings of $1.1 billion for the province ofAlberta.

To extract that savings, we must have a goodunderstanding of the basics of Tribology


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Diverse ApplicationsDiverse Applications --


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ChallengeChallenge -- Friction and wear are significant sources ofFriction and wear are significant sources of

energy and material losses in mechanical processes.energy and material losses in mechanical processes.

Lubrication is a principal focus of efforts to improveLubrication is a principal focus of efforts to improve

energy efficiency and mechanical durability.energy effic iency and mechanical durabili ty.


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Introduction - Lubricant Additives

To function effectively, the lubricant needs chemicaladdit ives as well as base oils.

Depending on the application, various combinations of

additives are used to meet the required performance level;the most important are listed:

Detergents

Dispersants

Antioxidants

Pout point depressants

Viscosity Modifiers

Anti-wear & Extreme Pressure


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Tribosystem Friction

A Tribosystem is comprised of four core components: Contacting Material Opposing Material Interface and medium occupying the interface

Environment

Contacting Material

Opposing Material

Interface

Environment

(Air)


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AsperityAsperity


Surfaces in contact and motion wi ll encounter asperity contactthat will result in wear

Asperity is defined as local regions where the surface is rough,harsh, and uneven.


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All metal surfaces, irrespective of their finish, contain ridges, valleys,asperities and depressions

Polished Bearing

Surface

Actual atomic image of polished

stainless steel

The higher the level of friction, the higher the level of wear!


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Summary Lubrication Conditions

Full film lubrication Commonly referred to as the

hydrodynamic lubrication regime.

Viscosity of the fluid dictateslubrication characteristics.

E.g., Fully lubricated journal Bearing

Mixed film lubrication Occurs when boundary friction occurs

with fluid friction. Machine elements which are normally

hydrodynamically lubricatedexperience mixed friction whenstarting and stopping.

Boundary lubrication Surface to surface contact E.g., piston rings & cams during

startup and operation


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So Why Nanoparticles?

The Good Size!

Nanometer size allows them to enter contact areas easily

Efficient at room temperature. No induction period is required Obtain greatly enhanced surface protection under normal loads,

speeds, and temperatures

Selection of various technologies Potential to combine unique advantages of different nanoparticles

The Bad

Synthesis High quality nanoparticles are generally difficult to produce Stability

Nanoparticle suspensions can be unstable Cost


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So Why Nanoparticles?


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Development - Nanoparticle Additives

Nanoparticle Additives are based from principles of solidlubrication Organic & Inorganic Nanoparticles

Molybdenum Disulfide

Tungsten Disulfide

Carbon Fullerenes

Nanotubes


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Paste and Greases can useparticles directly

Such additives provide significantreduction in sliding and rolling

friction

Problem Nanoparticles are notsoluble in oil

Mineral, PAO, Ester(Vegetable based), Glycol,Silicone, etc

Form SuspensionsAnswer Develop new

chemistries and syntheticmethods to produce colloidalsolutions

E.g. Milk


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Suspensions are formed via Ultrasonic Dispersion Stable colloidal dispersion can be made by surface modification


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Available Technologies

Alberta has no available commercial source of nanoparticlelubricant additives

Not soluble in OilSolid Bor ic AcidResearchBoric Acid

SuspensionMetal chloride

bound in clayMI, USACerMet TM

Stabilized

Colloid

Surface Modified

MoS2AK, USANanoglide TM

Suspension

Al2O3SiO2

graphite

GermanyNanoVit TM

Stabilized

Colloid

Si Polymer

NanoparticlesCA, USACermaxTM

Stabilized

Colloid

Borate

NanoparticlesIN, USADRD Additives

Stabilized

Colloid

Borate Si based

nanoparticles

CalgaryMaryn RS-037

NotesTechnologyLocationProduct


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Alberta Impact

Cost Savings

Reduced downtime and maintenance Fewer to equipment failures from poor lubrication Extended relubrication intervals

Reduction in quantity of lubricant consumed annually Improved efficiency

Lower temperatures Enhanced fuel economy

Environmental

Solid lubricants can further reduce some of theextreme-pressure, anti-wear, and anti-frictionadditives from oils

Achieve better compliance with environmentalmandates.

Potentially eliminate heavy metals, sulfur- andphosphorous-


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Alberta Impact

Timeline

2011 - 2015 ~5-10% of all extreme pressure (EP) and antiwear (AW) oils will

incorporate nanoparticles

Continued R&D of AW and EP nanoparticle additives Creation of aftermarket additive packages for heavy equipment Development of high performance finished hydraulic oils

Oils the meet strict biodegradability and toxicity requirement whileproviding exemplary lubrication performance.

2015 - 2020 ~10-35% of all extreme pressure (EP) and antiwear (AW) oils will

incorporate nanoparticles

Creation of additive packages to meet current and future engine oilspecifications API CJ -4 (2006), API SM (2004), ILSAC GF-5 (2010), GM Dexos-1

Finished fluids for all classes Hydraulic, Engine, Transmission, Gear, Turbine, etc


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Commercialization Challenges

Synthesis

Niche nano additive technologies are competing with commodityproducts

Nano raw material costs > petroleum based additives

E.g. Molybdenum, Tungsten vs. Zinc Current EP and AW additives cost less than nano additives

Often arent as effective Often harmful to environment

Economy of Scale Low initial demand = higher cost production, smaller reactors Limited production volume

Acceptance & Adoption Demonstrate that finished fluids meet regulatory bodyrequirements

API, ILSAC, SAE, ISO, ASTM, MIL-SPEC, NATO

Field testing


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Acknowledgements

chandler nanolubricants presentation for thecis

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